昆虫味觉研究进展及相关原理在害虫防治中的应用

Progress in insect gustatory research and the application of related principles to pest control

味觉在昆虫取食和产卵选择中发挥重要作用,而昆虫的味觉感受主要依赖于味觉感官中表达的味觉受体(Gustatoryreceptors)。很多化合物能引起昆虫的味觉反应,在行为上表现为喜好或厌恶,在选择压力下昆虫的味觉还可能发生改变。本文介绍昆虫味觉受体功能研究的新技术和新方法,综述了昆虫糖受体和苦味受体功能的研究进展,探讨了昆虫取食(或产卵)阻碍素和刺激素在害虫防治中的应用潜力。深刻理解昆虫的味觉感受机制,不仅有助于开发新型昆虫行为调节物,设计以味觉受体为潜在靶标的害虫绿色防控技术,还在昆虫行为抗药性治理,合理规划作物种植体系及品种选育等方面具有重要意义。

Taste perception plays an important role in insect feeding and oviposition preferences.Gustatory receptors(GRs)are expressed in the dendrites of insect gustatory sensory neurons.Many compounds induce the taste responses of insects,which are expressed behaviorally as either preference or aversion.These gustatory responses may change under selection pressure.This paper introduces new techniques and methods for studying the function of insect GRs,and reviews progress in research on the functional analysis of sugar GRs and bitter GRs.It also discusses the potential application of feeding,or oviposition,deterrents and stimulants in pest control.Better understanding of the taste sensing mechanisms of insects can not only help develop new insect behavioral modulators and design new insecticides targeting GRs,but also has application for the management of insect behavioral resistance,the rational planning of cropping systems and the development of insect-resistant crops.