晚明吴麟征“蕺山门人”身份的历史建构与现实表达

The historical construction and realistic expression of Wu Linzheng’s identity of“Jishan’s disciple”in the late Ming dynasty

对理学流派门人的考索,是深入了解学派思想传承与发展的重要环节,但常出现误录、滥收等问题。除技术性因素外,不少则出于有目的的主观建构。就师徒关系而言,吴麟征难称刘宗周弟子。而黄宗羲在清初尊朱辟王的思潮下,基于重塑蕺山学的正面形象,将吴氏纳入蕺山门人。全祖望甚至将吴麟征升格为蕺山门人之首,这与全氏表彰浙东蕺山一系,以及强调道德品行的学术史观息息相关。受权威观点的主导,吴麟征“蕺山门人”这一身份逐渐被成功建构。在门人的界定与统计中,只有依据文献作出合理判断,才能真正把握某一理学流派的影响和地位。

Research on the disciples of Neo-Confucianism is an important path to an insight into the inheritance and development of the thought of the school.But there may be mis-recording or over-enrolling of disciples.In addition to the technical factors,some are out of purposeful subjective constructions.In terms of a mentoring relationship,Wu Linzheng can hardly be called a disciple of Liu Zongzhou.Under the thought of“rejecting Wang and revering Zhu”in the early Qing dynasty,Huang Zongxi reestablished the positive image of Jishan school and Wu became a Jishan disciple.Quan Zuwang even elevated Wu Linzheng as head of Jishan disciples,which was closely related to Quan Zuwang’s recognition of Jishan School and his emphasis on academic values of moral integrity.Along with dominating authoritative views,Wu Linzheng’s identity as the Jishan disciple was gradually established.In the definition and statistics of disciples,only a reasonable judgment based on the literature can truly grasp the influence and status of one school.