澳大利亚师范生选拔机制改革:缘起、举措与特征

Reform of the selection mechanism for teacher candidates in Australia:background,practice,and characteristics

师范生选拔是培养高质量教师的基础性工程。为解决师范生招生问题和提升教师培养质量,澳大利亚采取了四项师范生选拔机制改革措施:新设和调整师范生选拔的组织机构、建立和完善师范生选拔的国家标准与程序、将师范生选拔与师范专业认证相结合、鼓励利益相关者积极参与选拔机制改革。澳大利亚师范生选拔机制改革呈现出以下特征:彰显职前教师培养的循证理念、统一性与多样性并存、学术和非学术能力标准并重。澳大利亚师范生选拔机制改革可为我国师范生选拔机制改革提供三点启示:加强政策设计,明确国家层面的师范生选拔标准与程序;严控生源质量,因地制宜丰富与提升录取要求;贯彻循证理念,构建动态化的师范生生源质量监测体系。

The selection of high-quality teacher candidates is the foundational project for cultivating highquality teachers.In order to solve the problems existing in the recruitment of teacher candidates and improve the quality of teacher education,Australia has adopted the following four main measures to reform the selection mechanism for teacher candidates:establishing and adjusting the institutional settings,involving multiple stakeholders in the selection mechanism reform,establishing and improving national standards and procedures,and combining the selection of teacher candidates with initial teacher education programme accreditation.The selection mechanism reform in Australia presents the following characteristics:it highlights the evidence-based concept of initial teacher education,contains unity and diversity,and the selection criteria emphasize both academic and non-academic competence standards.Australia’s reform practice could provide three insightful implications for the reform of the selection mechanism for teacher candidates in China:strengthening policy design and clarifying the selection standards and procedures for teacher candidates at the national level;strictly controlling the quality of teacher candidates,and enriching and improving the recruitment requirements according to local conditions;implementing evidence-based concepts,and building a dynamic monitoring system for the quality of teacher candidates.