我国东部沿海地区蔬菜中稀土元素的累积分布特征及健康风险评价

Accumulation characteristics and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in vegetables from the eastern coastal region of China

为调查我国东部沿海地区蔬菜样品中稀土元素的累积水平和分布特征.采集了市售叶类、根茎类、瓜果类、豆类及食用菌5类蔬菜样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对15种稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和Y)进行了分析.不同蔬菜样品中ΣREE浓度范围为2.72—55.16μg·kg^(−1)fw(鲜重),平均浓度为16.63μg·kg^(−1)fw.其中,叶类蔬菜的ΣREE含量最高(平均值为38.43μg·kg^(−1)fw),而根茎类蔬菜中ΣREE含量最低(8.82μg·kg^(−1)fw).居民通过消费蔬菜样品带来的稀土元素总摄入量为0.41μg·(kg·d)^(−1),远低于稀土元素摄入的安全剂量(70μg·(kg·d)^(−1)),表明正常饮食情况下居民通过蔬菜摄入的稀土量是安全的,但居民的稀土暴露途径还包含其它各种食品摄入,呼吸以及饮水暴露,还受到多种环境因素的影响,我国沿海地区居民的稀土摄入是否安全还需要综合评价.

Five representative vegetable categories,namely,leafy,root,melons,legumes,and edible fungi vegetables were collected to investigate the residual levels and accumulation characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs)in vegetable samples from the east coast of China,15 REEs in vegetables were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),including La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu,and Y.The concentrations of REEs in vegetables ranged from 2.72μg·kg^(−1)to 55.16μg·kg^(−1)fresh weight(fw),with an average of 16.63μg·kg^(−1)fw.Leafy vegetables exhibited the highestΣREE concentration(average 38.43μg·kg^(−1)fw),while root vegetables posed the lowestΣREE concentration(average 8.82μg·kg^(−1)fw).The estimated daily intake(EDI)was calculated to evaluate the potential dietary intake risks of REEs.The average EDI of REEs in vegetables was 0.41μg·kg^(−1)·d−1,which was far lower than the safe dose threshold(70μg·kg^(−1)·d−1),indicating an acceptable healthy risk of REEs by daily vegetables consumption in the east coast region of China.However,the REEs exposure of residents also include the intake of various other foods,as well as the inhalation and water-drinking exposure,affected by multiple other environment factors.Whether the intake of REEs by residents in coastal areas is safe needs a further comprehensively evaluation.