2019年三亚市PM_(2.5)微量元素的源解析和健康评价

Source analysis and health assessment of PM_(2.5)trace elements in Sanya City in 2019

本研究通过滤膜采样分析得到三亚市PM_(2.5)微量元素数据,结合富集因子,表征化学特征;使用PMF模型进行源解析,定量估算各排放源的贡献比例,并与南海周边城市源解析比较;根据暴露评估模型评估健康效应.结果表明,三亚市致癌性重金属Cr(7.70×10-3μg·m^(−3))已经超过标准限值(2.50×10^(−5)μg·m^(−3)),S的富集因子高达825.46,表明三亚PM_(2.5)受S元素污染严重;源排放贡献大小比例分别为:海洋源(24.9%)>生物质燃烧源(20.8%)>工业源(20.5%)>土壤源(19%)>交通源(14.8%),源解析结果比较得知,海盐贡献比例与采样点离岸距离有梯度变化特征;滨海城市的主要人为排放源受制于城市经济发展程度;二次无机气溶胶的贡献与工业源的比例呈反比,取决于SAN SNA标识物的配分;重金属污染对三亚不同人群的影响大小顺序为:成年男子>成年女子>儿童;9种重金属元素对3类人群经呼吸途径暴露的健康风险均为Cr>As>Ni>Al>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn>Se.

This study used membrane filter sampling to collect PM_(2.5)trace element data of Sanya,China.Enrichment factor analysis and chemical characterization were used with a positive matrix factorization model to conduct source apportionment.The contribution proportions of each emission source were quantified and compared with the source apportionment results of coastal cities of South China Sea.According to an exposure assessment model,the effects of the elements on health was evaluated.The results revealed that the carcinogenic heavy metal Cr(7.70×10−3μg·m^(−3))at Sanya exceeded the threshold of 2.50×10^(−5)μg·m^(−3).The enrichment factor of S reached as high as 825.46,implying that the PM_(2.5)in Sanya was severely polluted by S.The contribution proportions of emission sources ranking from high to low were the ocean(24.9%)>biomass combustion(20.8%)>industry(20.5%)>soil(19%)>traffic(14.8%).The source apportionment results revealed that the contribution proportion of sea salt exhibited gradient changes in relation to the distance of the sampling location to the coast.The main anthropogenic emissions of coastal cities were subject to the level of economic development of individual cities.The contribution proportions of secondary inorganic aerosols were inversely proportional to that of industrial emission sources,depending on the ratios of SNA markers.The level of influence of heavy metal pollution on different populations in Sanya was highest on adult man,followed by adult women and children.The risks of the 3 populations exposed to 9 heavy metals through respiratory tracts were Cr>As>Ni>Al>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn>Se.