摘要
为了打破现有海岛棉品种的基因连锁限制,进一步丰富海岛棉遗传背景,诱发海岛棉获得更多有价值的突变,加快海岛棉育种研究进程,通过应用^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理对优异海岛棉品种新海45号、新海57号、新海58号、新海59号、H39012、H163进行诱变处理,分析物理诱变处理和化学诱变处理对海岛棉的诱变效应。结果表明,^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射处理和甲基磺酸乙酯处理较常规对照分别显著降低出苗率29.40、27.03百分点,显著降低成苗率43.36、35.08百分点;在产量性状上,^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射处理与甲基磺酸乙酯处理相比,籽棉质量、皮棉质量、单铃质量和衣分分别显著降低3.66、4.37、0.27 g和1.83百分点,表现出更强的抑制作用;在纤维品质性状上,^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射处理和甲基磺酸乙酯处理上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度、纺纱均匀性指数等纤维品质指标值较常规对照略有提高但整体变化不大,反射率较常规对照分别降低1.43、0.77百分点,黄度较常规对照分别提高0.48、0.53。综上所述,与常规对照相比,^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射处理和甲基磺酸乙酯处理对6个海岛棉品种整体表现为抑制作用,且^(137)Cs-γ射线辐射处理的抑制作用大于甲基磺酸乙酯处理,在产量上的差异更为显著。
In order to break the genetic linkage of current island cotton varieties,enrich the genetic background of island cotton,and induce more valuable mutations in island cotton,and accelerate the research process of island cotton breeding,in this experiment,^(137)Cs-γray radiation and ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)treatment were applied to mutagenize the excellent island cotton varieties Xinhai 45,Xinhai 57,Xinhai 58,Xinhai 59,H39012,and H163,and the mutagenic effects of physical and chemical mutagenic methods on island cotton were analyzed.The results showed that ^(137)Cs-γray radiation treatment and ethyl methane sulfonate treatment significantly reduced the emergence rate by 29.40 and 27.03 percentage points,respectively,and significantly reduced the seedling rate by 43.36 and 35.08 percentage points,respectively,compared with the conventional control.In terms of yield traits,compared with ethyl methane sulfonate treatment,^(137)Cs-γray radiation treatment significantly reduced seed cotton weight,lint cotton weight,single boll weight,and lint percentage by 3.66,4.37,0.27 g and 1.83 percentage points,respectively,showing a stronger inhibitory effect.In terms of fiber quality traits,the upper half average length,uniformity index,breaking strength and spinning uniformity index of the ^(137)Cs-γray radiation treatment and the ethyl methane sulfonate treatment were slightly higher than those of the conventional control,but the overall change was not significant.The reflectivity was 1.43 percentage points and 0.77 percentage points lower than that of the conventional control,and the yellowness was 0.48 and 0.53 higher than that of the conventional control.In summary,^(137)Cs-γray radiation treatment and ethyl methanesulfonate treatment showed an overall inhibitory effect on the six island cotton varieties compared with the conventional control,and the inhibitory effect of ^(137)Cs-γray radiation treatment was greater than that of ethyl methanesulfonate treatment,the difference was more significant in yield especially.
作者
张磊磊
马志华
洪梅
陈晋瑞
范阿棋
吐尔逊·吐尔洪
ZHANG Leiei;MA Zhihua;HONG Mei;CHEN Jinrui;FAN Aqi;TU′ERXUN Tu′erhong(Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xinjiang Bayinguoleng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture/Xinjiang Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Medium and Early Maturing Upland Cotton and Long fiber Cotton,Ministry of Agriculture,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2023年第8期867-872,共6页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01F29)。