湖南地区呼吸系统疾病患儿过敏原sIgE检测结果分析

Analysis of allergen sIgE test results in children with respiratory diseases in Hunan region

目的探讨湖南地区呼吸系统疾病患儿过敏原分布特征,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法选取2020年10月至2022年10月以呼吸道疾病于湖南省儿童医院就诊的患儿639例,采用免疫印迹法检测19种血清过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE),并收集和分析患儿的基本情况和临床资料。结果639例呼吸系统疾病患儿中,至少对一种过敏原过敏的患儿共271例(42.4%)。在过敏的儿童中有102例(37.64%)为单一过敏,有169例(62.36%)儿童为多重过敏。食入性过敏原sIgE阳性率为27.54%,其中sIgE阳性率最高的前3位致敏原为鸡蛋白(26.13%)、牛奶(14.24%)和牛肉(10.17%);吸入性过敏原sIgE阳性率为29.26%,sIgE阳性率最高的前3位的是户尘螨/粉尘螨(33.96%)、屋尘(5.16%)和猫毛皮屑(2.97%)。除户尘螨/粉尘螨致敏级别较高外,其余18种过敏原的致敏级别程度以轻中度(1~3级)为主,重度(4~6级)较少。吸入性过敏原的致敏率随年龄增加而逐渐增高,食入性过敏原的致敏率随年龄增加呈下降趋势。随不同月份和季节的更替,食入性过敏原sIgE阳性率总体的变化不明显。户尘螨/粉尘螨在各个月份和季节sIgE阳性率最高,在4~8月春夏季节sIgE阳性率相对更高。结论湖南地区呼吸系统疾病患儿最主要的过敏原是户尘螨/粉尘螨、鸡蛋白和牛奶,且过敏原sIgE阳性率在不同年龄阶段趋势变化存在一定差异。

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of allergens in children with respiratory diseases in Hunan Province and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods From October 2020 to October 2022,639 children with respiratory diseases who visited Hunan Children′s Hospital were selected.Totally of 19 serum allergen-specific IgE(sIgE)were detected by immunoblotting assay,and the basic information and clinical data of the children were collected and analyzed.Results Among the 639 children,271(42.4%)were allergic to at least one allergen.Among the allergic children,102(37.64%)were singly allergic and 169(62.36%)were multiple allergic.The positive rate of ingested allergens sIgE was 27.54%,and the top 3 allergens with the highest sIgE positive rate were egg white(26.13%),milk(14.24%),and beef(10.17%);The positive rate of inhaled allergens sIgE was 29.26%,and the top 3 allergens with the highest sIgE positive rate were household dust mite/powder mite(33.96%),house dust(5.16%),and cat fur dander(2.97%).Except for the high sensitization level of household dust mite/powder mite combination,the degree of sensitization level of the remaining 18 allergens was mainly mild to moderate(1-3)and less severe(4-6).The sensitization rate of inhalant allergens gradually increased with age,while the sensitization rate of ingestive allergens showed a decreasing trend with age.The overall change in the positive rate of ingestive allergens was not significant with the change of months and seasons.The positive rate of household dust mite/powder mite was the highest in all months and seasons,and the positive rate was relatively higher in the spring and summer seasons from April to August.Conclusion The most important allergens in children with respiratory diseases in Hunan are household dust mite/powder mite,egg white and milk,and the trend of sIgE positive rate of the allergen is different in different age stages.