在儒墨的比较中看禅让制的思想内涵与价值

The Ideological Implication and Value of the Succession of the Thrones through a Comparison of Confucianism and Mohism

整合传世文献与新近出土文献资料,依据先秦诸子百家思想的发展趋势可以推知,禅让制的思想应该萌生于孔子,形成于七十子,衰落于战国中后期强势“礼”学崛起的过程之中。这个过程反映了先秦儒家对中国传统政治体制在理论与实践层面的艰苦探索。禅让制既是对中国上古历史史影的捕捉与发挥,也是直接面对当时的社会现实问题所开出的救世良方。通过对楚简文献《唐虞之道》《容成氏》与原始儒学的关系挖掘发现,先秦儒家禅让制的思想遭到了诸侯各国既得利益者以及传统“礼”制两方面的强烈挤压,这是《唐虞之道》和《容成氏》等相关文献湮没无闻成为佚籍的真正原因。但是,禅让制思想的骨子里有一种对现实的批判精神,对生活在水深火热中的广大人民具有深刻的同情。

Based on the handed-down and newly-excavated literature,as well as the development of the ideology of the pre-Qin Hundred Schools of Thought,it is argued that the succession of the thrones possibly originated from Confucius,then it was developed by his seventy famous disciples,and later it faded when the Rites system gained strong momentum during the middle and later Warring States Period.This process reflects the arduous exploration of pre-Qin Confucianism into traditional Chinese political system from both theory and practice.The succession of the thrones is not only a capture and display of the influence of ancient Chinese history,but also a reconciliation and remedy for the chaos back then.Through an in-depth study of the relationship between primitive Confucianism and The Way of Tang and Yu as well as Rong Cheng Shi,the bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei Province,it is discovered that the succession of the thrones proposed by pre-Qin Confucianism was strongly suppressed both by the feudal lords for the sake of their vested interests and the traditional“Rites”system,which are the genuine reasons for the disappearance of the fore-mentioned and related literature.At the very core of the succession of the thrones,there existed a spirit of criticism on the reality at the time,which showed strong sympathy towards the masses who lived in adversity.