海外美国大学的发展历程、制度逻辑与现实困境

The Historical Development,Institutional Logic and Realistic Dilemma of American Universities Abroad

海外美国大学是建立在美国本土以外的国家或地区,在学校命名、教育理念、课程设置、治理模式、质量保障等均体现出美国高等教育特色,并且授予本科及以上级别学位的独立非营利性高等教育机构,主要经历了萌芽期、联盟期、转型期以及扩张期四个发展阶段。海外美国大学的运行体现出始终贯彻美国国家战略意图、积极推广美国高等教育模式和办学理念、深度融入办学国家地区社会的多重制度逻辑。海外美国大学的全球扩张使其在后续发展中面临一定的困境,例如:异国办学引发文化冲突、数量增加导致质量难以保障、盲目追求模式复制导致水土不服。

American Universities abroad are independent non-profit higher education institutions established in countries or regions outside the United States,which reflect the characteristics of American higher education in terms of school naming,educational philosophy,curriculum design,governance mode,quality assurance,etc.,and confer undergraduate and above degree levels.They have mainly gone through four stages of development:the embryonic stage,alliance stage,transformation stage,and expansion stage.The operation of American Universities abroad reflects the multiple institutional logic of consistently implementing the national strategic intentions of the United States,actively promoting the American higher education model and educational philosophy,and deeply integrating into the society of the host country and region.The global expansion of American Universities abroad has made them face certain difficulties in their subsequent development,such as cultural conflict caused by running schools in foreign countries,difficult quality assurance caused by the increase in numbers,and acclimatization caused by blind pursuit of mode replication.