产业转型升级背景下本科层次技术技能人才需求的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Undergraduate-level Skilled Personnel under the Background of Industrial Transformation and Upgrading

伴随着数字技术的广泛应用以及职业教育层次的向上延伸,本科层次职业教育在特定的产业、行业、企业凸显其现实必要性。立足企业需求,通过访谈调研10家现代农业企业、31家先进制造业企业、10家现代服务业企业的管理人员和骨干员工,获得当前三大产业职业结构和工作内容的现状及发展趋势、对高层次技术技能人才的需求情况以及对本科层次职业教育的看法。研究发现,在产业转型升级背景下,数字技术赋能,产业发展业态和工作模式趋向数智化和集约化;工作内容升级,新岗位和高端任务提升技术技能人才需求规格;需求程度各异,不同产业行业高技术技能劳动者需求缺口不同;职教层次高移,企业支持复合创新型高层次技术技能人才培养。需求导向下,本科层次职业教育人才培养规模需要与产业、行业发展相适配,不宜过快、过剩;坚持懂原理、会应用、善创新的高层次技术技能人才培养定位;聚焦复杂岗位职业能力发展变化,完善工学结合人才培养模式。

With the widespread application of digital technology and the upward extension of the vocational education track,undergraduate-level vocational education has become increasingly necessary in specific industries,trades,and enterprises.Based on the needs of enterprises,we conducted interviews and research on managers and key employees of 10 modern agricultural enterprises,31 advanced manufacturing enterprises,and 10 modern service enterprises to obtain the current status and development trend of the occupational structure and job content of the three major industries,the demand for high-level technical skill talents,and the views on undergraduate-level vocational education.Our study found that in the context of industrial transformation and upgrading,digital technology is empowering industrial development and working models tend towards intelligence and intensification.Work content is also being upgraded,with new high-end tasks requiring higher specifications of technical skill talents.The demand for highly technical skilled workers varies in different industrial sectors,and enterprises support the cultivation of composite innovative high-level technical skilled talents.To meet demand,vocational education at the undergraduate level needs to be adapted to the development of industries and trades.Additionally,the cultivation of high-level technical skilled talents should focus on those who understand the principles,can apply them,and are good at innovation.Lastly,we must focus on the development of vocational ability in complex jobs and improve the talent cultivation mode of combining engineering.