有限元法在下肢肌骨系统生物力学研究中的应用进展

Advancement of finite element method s application in biomechanicsof the musculoskeletal system of lower limbs

随着各学科交叉融合不断深化,有限元法因其高效、精确、便捷等优点被广泛用于下肢肌骨系统生物力学研究,促进了临床个体化治疗、康复辅具、智能可穿戴等领域的发展,具有广阔的应有前景。以Web of science、PubMed、CNKI数据库为数据来源,“finite element and(lower limb or lower extremity or leg)”为英文检索词,“有限元、下肢”为中文检索词检索2018—2022年以下肢为重点的有限元研究。本研究系统阐述了有限元法在骨折预测及风险评估、骨折固定方法及固定器械力学分析、关节置换术评估中的临床应用,并探究了有限元法在骨应力分析、康复辅具力学分析、下肢-织物模型力学分析中的研究及应用。结果表明:有限元法可以建立符合生物力学理论的下肢模型,模拟计算各种工况,反映人体组织内部结构的应力应变情况,推动了临床医学个体化治疗研究的深入,促进了下肢康复辅具、智能可穿戴产品向智能化发展。未来的研究应着重提高有限元计算精度,将高精度测量技术、多体动力学肌骨模型与有限元法结合、建立人体-织物有限元模型,进一步促进下肢肌骨系统生物力学研究的广度和深度。

With the deepening of interdisciplinary integration,the finite element method has been widely used in biomechanics study of the musculoskeletal system of lower limbs due to its advantages of high efficiency,accuracy and convenience,and has promoted the development of clinical personalized therapy,rehabilitation technical aids,smart wearable and other fields.Therefore,the method has broad prospects.With Web of Science,PubMed and CNKI databases as data sources,“finite element and(lower limb or lower extremity or leg)”as English key words and“finite element,lower limb”as Chinese key words were used to retrieve finite element studies focusing on lower limbs from 2018 to 2022.This study systematically formulated the clinical application of finite element method in fracture prediction and risk assessment,fracture fixation method and mechanical analysis of fixed instruments,and joint replacement evaluation.The study and application of finite element method in bone stress analysis,mechanical analysis of rehabilitation technical aids and mechanical analysis of lower extremity-fabric model were explored.The results show that the finite element method can establish the lower limbs model in accordance with the biomechanical theory,simulate various working conditions,reflect the stress and strain of the internal structure of human tissues,promote the in-depth study of clinical medicine personalized treatment,and promote the intelligent development of lower limb rehabilitation technical aids and smart wearable product.Future research should focus on improving the accuracy of finite element calculation,combining high-precision measurement technology,multi-body dynamic musculoskeletal model with finite element method,and establishing human-fabric finite element model so as to further promote the breadth and depth of biomechanical studies on lower limb musculoskeletal system.