环境中纳米颗粒物的凝聚现象及其机理解释

Aggregation Phenomenon and Mechanism of Nanoparticles in the Environment

由于工业发展和材料技术的不断创新,纳米颗粒广泛存在于我们的日常生活中。当这些颗粒进入到环境中,会产生严重的生物毒性,影响各类生物的健康。纳米颗粒在环境中的吸附、凝聚和沉降,会影响到其在各类介质中的迁移与归趋,进而影响到对环境的毒性作用。鉴于此,本文以各类金属与非金属纳米颗粒为对象,综述了其在水环境、体液及其他介质中的凝聚行为,总结了基于经典Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)和非DLVO作用力的凝聚动力学研究,梳理了纳米颗粒凝聚的影响因素及主要机理。本文旨在深入总结不同纳米颗粒在不同介质中的凝聚行为,以期为纳米颗粒的凝聚机理和对生物的毒性研究提供参考。

Due to the development of industry and the continuous innovation of material technology,nanoparticles are widely used in our daily life.When these particles enter the environment,they can produce serious biotoxicity,harmful to the health of all kinds of organisms.The adsorption,aggregation and sedimentation of nanoparticles in the environment will affect their migration and fate in various media,further affecting their toxicity to the environment.In this paper,the aggregation behavior of various metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles in water environment,body liquid and other media was reviewed,the studies of the aggregation kinetics based on both the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)and non-DLVO forces were summarized,and the influencing factors and main mechanism of nanoparticle aggregation were concluded,in order to provide reference for the study of the aggregation mechanism of nanoparticles and toxicity to organisms.