血液组分的快速分离及元素分布特征研究

Rapid Separation of Blood Fractions and Element Distribution Patterns

人体血液中元素水平与人类健康息息相关,由于血浆和不同血细胞的组成和功能各不相同,对不同污染物的负载量可能存在巨大差异。因此,建立血液样本中不同组分的分离方法,对于进一步开展污染物内暴露水平研究至关重要。本研究采用Percoll不连续密度梯度离心法建立了一种血液样本不同组分的分离方法,通过优化Percoll密度梯度和离心条件实现了外周血样本中血浆、血小板、白细胞和红细胞的同步快速分离。该方法可以简单快速地分离多种血细胞组分,获得的细胞纯度较高,呈单细胞分散状态。基于该分离方法,进一步利用微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子吸收光谱测定了4种血液组分中5种金属元素的含量,研究了其在人体外周血中的分布特征。结果表明,不同元素在血液不同组分中的分布存在较大差异,Ca、Mg和Cu在血浆中的含量明显高于血细胞,而Fe、Zn在红细胞中含量最高。该分离方法为污染物内暴露水平的研究提供了技术支持和研究思路。

The concentrations of metals in human blood are invariably associated with human health.Due to the different structures and functions of serum and blood cells,there may be huge differences in the loads of different pollutants.Therefore,a simple method to separate the various blood-fractions is in urgent need for further studying the internal exposure levels of pollutants.This study developed a method to separate serum,platelets,leukocytes,and erythrocytes in human blood by using discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation.By optimizing the density gradient and centrifuge conditions,the method can separate cellular components with greater ease and speed,and obtain different types of blood cells with high purity and in single-cell condition.Based on the separation method,we detected 5 metals in multiple blood components by using microwave digestion coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometer,and the distribution patterns of metals in serum and blood cells were further investigated.The results indicated that contents of Ca,Mg,and Cu in serum were significantly higher than that in blood cells,while contents of Fe and Zn were relatively high in erythrocytes.In conclusion,this method could provide technical support for studying the internal exposure levels of pollutants.