《沧浪诗话》“天仙”“鬼仙”条考辨

A Textual Research on“Immortal God”and“Immortal Ghost”in Canglang's Remarks on Poetry

严羽于《沧浪诗话》中,将李白、李贺二人并列对举,分别比为“天仙”“鬼仙”。历来诸家对此条诗评的解读,都存在一些逻辑上的问题,难以自圆其说。在多维综合的审视之下,有理由认为,严羽的“天仙”“鬼仙”之评实本道教,属于“以道喻诗”。并且,将道教对“天仙”“鬼仙”的各种细节描述,与李白、李贺二人的整体诗风、诗歌内容、情感向度,乃至诗歌细节、创作路径等方面进行对照,可发现几乎一致。如此一来,此条诗评的内涵也便得到了更合理的揭示,在阐释逻辑上的龃龉难通之处,亦迎刃而解。

In Yan Yu's Canglang's Remarks on Poetry,Li Bai and Li He are compared to“Immortal God”and“Immortal Ghost”respectively.Previous interpretations of this comment prove to be illogical and untenable.After a comprehensive textual research of the book,it became clear that Yan Yu is“using Zen as a metaphor for poetry”,with“Immortal God”and“Immortal Ghost”derived from Taoism.Traces of those two terms in Taoism can be discovered in the overall poetic style,the content,the emotional dimension and even subtle details and ways of poetic creation adopted by Li Bai and Li He.Thus,an in-depth understanding of the connotations of this comment can be achieved with the logic clearly delineated.