线粒体自噬参与糖尿病视网膜病变的研究进展

Advances of mitophagy involved in diabetic retinopathy

线粒体功能对于需氧真核细胞的生存至关重要,因为线粒体通过产生三磷酸腺苷(ATP)提供能量、调节细胞代谢、提供氧化还原平衡、参与免疫信号传导并启动细胞凋亡。线粒体自噬是一种细胞内针对功能障碍线粒体的选择性降解机制,参与线粒体的质量控制及细胞稳态的维持。近年来,越来越多的研究发现异常的线粒体自噬参与多种眼部疾病的发生发展,如糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)、年龄相关性黄斑变性和青光眼等。因此,本文总结已知的线粒体自噬定义,整理各种使用细胞培养、动物和人体组织模型进行研究的结果,并就线粒体自噬的分子生物学过程及其在DR中的作用展开综述,以期为DR的治疗手段提供新思路。

Mitochondrial function is essential for the viability of aerobic eukaryotic cells,as mitochondria provide energy through the generation of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),regulate cellular metabolism,provide redox balancing,participate in immune signaling,and initiate apoptosis.Mitophagy refers to the selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria in cells,thereby achieving mitochondrial quality control and maintaining cell homeostasis.Recent studies have indicated that abnormal mitophagy is involved in the development of various eye diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy(DR),age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge on the definition of mitophagy,and present the results of various studies using cell culture,animal,and human tissue models.Additionally,we review the molecular process of mitophagy and its role in DR,thus providing novel ideas for the treatment of DR.