多组分无溶剂反应制备吲哚衍生物——绿色有机化学教学实验

Preparation of Indol-Substituted Methane Derivatives in A Solvent-Free and Multi-Component Manner

基于当前国内高校所使用的有机化学实验教材中普遍缺乏对多组分反应以及绿色合成理念的介绍,为化学专业本科生二年级所开设的短学期创新实验课程设计了一个多组分无溶剂反应的教学实验,并于2022年将其成功应用于教学实践中。实验以对甲基苯甲醛、N-甲基吲哚、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(达米酮)为反应物,在1个反应瓶中快速实现多个组分的有序作用得到包含3个反应物片段的吲哚取代甲烷类化合物。该实验具有原料成本低、反应时间短、产品提纯方便、综合性较强以及高原子经济性的特点。

To complete the undergraduate experience of the organic chemistry majors,we need an effective laboratory course in which students are exposed to modern techniques and analytical thinking in the design of experiments.However,undergraduate students are rarely educated about multicomponent synthesis in the current experimental teaching environment.In 2022,we have offered a new student experiment,"a three-component reaction under operationally-simple solvent-free conditions",which has been developed and implemented in organic chemistry laboratory course for second-year undergraduate students.In this experiment,commercially available,inexpensive reagents,such as p-methylbenzaldehyde,N-methylindole and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione were used as the reaction substrates,and the rapid sequential action of multiple components in a single reaction flask was creatively achieved to obtain the target product.Notable features of this teaching experiment include multicomponent synthesis and good operability,inexpensive reagents,the absence of catalyst and solvents,and high yield and atomic economy.