译介与重铸:苏俄资源与创生期的中国左翼文论——以1930年前后“托尔斯泰评论”热为考察视角

Translation and Reconstruction:Soviet Russian Resources and the Chinese Leftist Literary Theory in Its Early Stage:An Examination of the Chinese Reception of“Commentaries on Tolstoy”around 1930

列夫·托尔斯泰是俄国享有世界性声誉的伟大现实主义作家,1908—1911年间,俄苏民主主义、自由主义以及刚兴起的马克思主义批评都把目光聚焦在托尔斯泰“重新估值”上,形成了俄苏文化界的论争势态。这一时期列宁的“托尔斯泰论”具有正本清源的效用,产生了深远影响,成为马克思主义文艺批评的经典文本。随着俄苏“托尔斯泰论”译介到中国,并在1928年托氏百年诞辰纪念时达到小高潮,“托尔斯泰论”也成为这一时期被频繁谈论的话题。探讨国内托尔斯泰评价的俄苏资源,托尔斯泰接受如何经译介、征引到论述而具有文论化特质,这对考察创生期的中国左翼文论从“重新估值”托尔斯泰的思想训练到呈现马克思主义文艺批评的状貌,以及审视文论史视野下的中国左翼文学自身理论体系构建都有着不可忽视的参照意义。

Leo Tolstoy is a renowned Russian realist writer with a global acclaim.Between 1908 to 1911,democracy,liberalism and the emerging Marxist criticism in Soviet Russia focused on re-evaluation of Tolstoy,creating a controversial situation in the Russian cultural sphere.During this period,Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's“On Tolstoy”clarified the source of the controversy and left a far-reaching impact,becoming a classic text of Marxist literary criticism.With commentaries on Tolstoy introduced in China and culminating in the centenary of Tolstoy's birth in 1928,Tolstoy became a frequently discussed topic.This article sheds light on the Soviet Russian resources for Chinese commentaries on Tolstoy,exploring how the Chinese reception of Tolstoy went through the stages of translation,citation and discussion,ultimately developing characteristics of literary theory.These discussions are significant for studying Chinese leftist literary theory in its early stages and examining the construction of the theoretical system of Chinese leftist literature from the perspective of the history of literary theory.