海德格尔论祖国作为“存有本身”的“大地和自然”维度

The Heideggerian View of the Motherland as“Being Itself”from the Perspective of“the Earth and Nature”

海德格尔将“祖国”阐释为“存有本身”是与其“大地和自然”思想密切关联的,是在古希腊日耳曼(德意志)与犹太基督教(或天主教)两大欧洲传统的对峙中展开的。海氏关于希腊的“第一次开端”和德国的“另一次开端”的叙事指向了对于犹太主义的批判,是关联着家乡大地和本真自然的生存的;建构存在论意义的祖国,就是从时间出发以寻找德国精神的源头,是民族的历史性此在时间与创造者时间的实现;作为“存有本身”的“祖国”和海氏的基础存在论相关,是穹苍、大地、终有一死者、诸神所共属的命运,是不断涌现和沉落的孤独者和憔悴者,是与资本和技术对立的幽然自闭的存在;海氏对“祖国”作为“存有本身”的审美性建构,要旨在于将祖国建造为庇护人之诗意存在的居所,但其在伦理学上还相对欠缺一种共享或大享精神,也当值得注意。

Heidegger's interpretation of“the motherland”as“being itself”is closely related to his conceptualization of“the Earth and Nature,”which unfolds itself in the confrontation between two great European traditions,the ancient Greco-Germain(Germany)and the Jewish-Christian(or Catholic).His narration of the Greek“first beginning”and German“another beginning”guides one to the criticism of Judaism,which is related to the existence of the homeland and the true nature.To construct the motherland in ontological terms indicates the search for the source of the German spirit from time,as well as the realization of nation's historical Dasein time and creator time.“The motherland,”as“being itself,”is associated with Heidegger's fundamental ontology.It is the common destiny of the firmament,the earth,the mortal,and the gods.It is a man of solitude and dreariness who constantly rises and sinks.And it is an existence of seclusion that opposes to capital and technology.The Heideggerian aesthetic construction of“the motherland”as“being itself”aims at building the motherland as a habitation of people's poetic existence.However,it should be noted that such ideal,in ethical terms,is still deficient in a spirit of sharing or great enjoyment.