“转识成智”:返回存在的符号活动——洛特曼“符号域”概念的反思

"Turning Cognition into Intelligence":Back to the Existent Symbolic Activity-Reflection on Lotman's"semiosphere"

符号学研究的主要任务就是要通过符号的运用,来表征对象的意义,甚至是存在的意义。然而,符号表征的“遮蔽”现象又是难以避免的。如何走出这一困境,让符号意义回归存在本体,实现“去蔽”呢?本文对洛特曼的“符号域”概念进行了反思,并从海德格尔的“存在”与“存在者”相关论述出发,认为“符号域”的意义生成,不仅要超越“存在者”范围,而且还要探索自我符号实体,这样才能避免“存在”的“遮蔽”。以往学界对“符号域”的阐释,其实局限于一种“我执”与“法执”的文化领域,目的在于确定符号意义。如果从中国传统文化中的“转识成智”出发,则可以超越这一领域,实现意义的释放。这两者的相辅相成才能够更完整地展现符号的意义。这也是精神文化符号学所追求的学术目标。

The principal task of semiotic research is to represent the meaning of the symbolic object,or even the meaning of"Sein,"by applying signs.But the phenomenon of"Verborgenheit"in the process of symbolic representation is always unavoidable.How can we escape this dilemma,especially return the symbolic meaning to the ontological beings of existence,and realize the"Unverborgenheit?"This paper reflects on Lotman's"semiosphere"and argues that,based on Heidegger's discussion of"Sein"and"Seiendes,"meaning generation in the"semiosphere"should not only go beyond the scope of"Seiendes",but also explore the entity of the sign itself to avoid the"Verborgenheit"of"Sein."In the past,the interpretation of Lotman's"semiosphere"was limited to a conventional Chinese cultural domain of"I exert"and"The law exerts,"which aimed to determine the symbolic meaning.If we understand"semiosphere"from the view of the traditional Chinese cultural concept of"Turning Cognition into Intelligence,"the interpretation obstacles can be overcome and the symbolic meaning can be fully released as well.These two concepts complement each other and contribute to revealing the symbolic meaning more thoroughly,which is the academic goal of the Cultural Semiotics of Jingshen.