北朝文化模式与文学精神

Cultural Patterns and Literary Spirit of the Northern Dynasties

北朝多民族空间中,诸种文化相互碰撞,激荡出突破陈规的创新意识。在以礼乐为核心的北朝文化交融与整合中,形成了一些具有核心意义的文化特质(美国人类学家露丝·本尼迪克特称之为“文化模式”)。最具核心意义、堪称北朝文化模式的,便是通脱不固的实用理性,它融汇了儒家思想重现世、重视实际事务的成分,以及北方少数民族固有的重利尚实观念。这一文化模式深刻渗透进了此期的文学精神之中。不同于南朝文学逐渐强调文学的无用之用,北朝文学是有用之文学,主要为传情达意而作。注重创新,重功利、重实用,主张文质互生、不以文害意,总体呈现出质朴的风格,这都与北朝文化的实用理性精神相关。

In the multi-ethnic space of the Northern Dynasties,various cultures collided with each other,sparking a sense of innovation that broke through stereotypes.In the fusion and integration of Northern Dynasties culture centered around ritual and music,some cultural traits with core significance were formed(referred to as"cultural patterns"by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict).The most significant and worthy cultural pattern of the Northern Dynasties is the inflexible practical rationality,which integrates the elements of Confucianism's reincarnation and emphasis on practical affairs,as well as the inherent concept of valuing profit and practicality among the northern ethnic minorities.This cultural pattern deeply penetrated into the literary spirit of this period.Unlike the gradual emphasis on the useless use of literature in Southern Dynasties literature,Northern Dynasties literature is a useful literature mainly written for conveying emotions and ideas.Emphasis is placed on innovation,utilitarianism,and practicality,advocating for the mutual growth of literary quality and not harming literary meaning.Overall,it presents a rustic style,which is related to the practical and rational spirit of Northern Dynasties culture.