《红楼梦》书名俄译述评

A Review of the Russian Translation of the Title of A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》在复杂的成书过程中,出现了众多题名,但目前小说流传的诸版本中,被真正作为书名使用的也仅有《石头记》和《红楼梦》。在网络检索并未广泛实现的时代,俄苏地区的人们主要通过两种渠道来认识和了解《红楼梦》这部小说:一是小说的俄文译本,二是相关著述中关于小说的介绍性词条。后者主要见诸于具有科普性质的各类百科全书之中。本文对《红楼梦》的4种俄文译本以及7部俄苏百科全书中有关小说的介绍性词条进行了系统梳理,共整理出《红楼梦》俄译名五种、《石头记》俄译名两种。分析研究证明,两者的最优译名分别为Сон в красном тереме和История камня,尤其前者不仅选词精当,更与《红楼梦》这一书名的深刻立意高度契合,实为佳译。

A Dream of Red Mansions has many translated titles in the complicated process of its completion.However,among various versions of the translation that circulate around now,only The Story of the Stone and A Dream of Red Mansions are used as translated book titles.In the era when Internet retrieval was not even in place,Russians mainly knew and understood the novel A Dream of Red Mansions through two channels,one is the Russian translations of the novel,and the other is the introductory entries about the novel in related works,which were mainly found in various encyclopedias.This paper sorts out the four Russian translations of A Dream of Red Mansions and the introductory entries of the novel in seven Russian encyclopedias,and finds out five Russian translations of A Dream of Red Mansions and two Russian translations of The Story of the Stone.Analysis and research show that the best translations of the two titles are CoH 6 kpacHoM mepeme and Hcmopus kaMH,in particular,the former is not only precise and appropriate in words,but also highly consistent with the profound meaning of the title of A Dream of Red Mansions.