美国近两届政府参与全球治理的理念与实践

America's Approaches and Practice of Global Governance During the Trump and Biden Administrations

近两届美国政府在全球治理问题上的政策呈现出一定程度的“战略收缩”和修正主义倾向。为了应对国内矛盾和国际挑战,美国政府近年来制定了以维护美国利益为根本出发点、以应对大国竞争为长远目标、以国家实力增长而非国际形象改善为核心的全球治理政策原则,并试图通过在全球经济、传统安全和非传统安全等多领域开展行动,重新掌握国际事务的主导权。美国政府的全球治理举措产生了多方面影响,单边主义和霸权主义行为损害了其国际形象,扰乱了自由主义经济秩序,削弱了以联合国和世界贸易组织等为代表的全球治理机构的权威性,加剧了国际局势的紧张和动荡。从长远来看,在国内政治和国际局势的影响下,美国将继续坚持务实原则,按照其自身诉求,推动全球治理机制的“改革”,并极力将全球治理塑造为服务于大国竞争的工具。

The policies of the last two U.S.administrations on global governance have displayed a certain degree of“strategic retrenchment”and revisionist tendencies.To address domestic contradictions and international challenges,the U.S.government in recent years has formulated a set of global governance policy principles,which are rooted in safeguarding American interests,aimed at managing major power competition in the long run,and focused on enhancing national strength rather than improving international image.It has attempted to regain dominance in international affairs through actions in various domains such as the global economy,traditional security,and non-traditional security issues.The U.S.government's global governance initiatives have had multifaceted impacts.Its unilateralism and hegemonic behavior have damaged its international image,disrupted the liberal economic order,undermined the authority of global governance institutions such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization,and exacerbated international tensions and upheaval.Looking ahead,due to the influence of domestic politics and international situation,the United States will continue to adhere to such pragmatic principles and push for“reforms”in global governance mechanisms in accordance with its own interests,striving to shape them as tools serving its major power competition.