美国数字基建立法的党派分野与政策困境

Partisan Divisions and Policy Dilemmas in U.S.Congressional Digital Infrastructure Legislation

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革的背景下,数字基建水平已成为衡量一个国家综合实力的关键指标。从特朗普政府执政开始,美国加快了数字基建战略部署,对内在5G技术、人工智能等重点领域投入大量资金;对外以精密半导体芯片产业链和供应链为依托,对中国展开全方位的打压和围堵。本文基于对美国第115~117届国会提案的数据分析结果认为,民主、共和两党在数字基建领域的“跨党派共识”并不牢固,双方在数字技术应用方向及重点布局问题上分歧明显,美国数字基建战略在每一发展阶段都呈现出明显的党派特性。这一政党政治格局严重削弱了美国数字基建战略的决策效率和联盟成效,进一步加剧了美国对华“数字基建外交”的非理性倾向,给全球数字基建产业的健康发展带来严重危害,可能会削弱美国数字基建的长期竞争力。

Against the backdrop of a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation,the level of digital infrastructure has become a crucial indicator for assessing a country's comprehensive strength.Since the Trump administration took office,the United States has accelerated its strategic deployment of digital infrastructure,investing heavily in key areas such as 5G technology and artificial intelligence at home,while launching a comprehensive campaign to suppress and contain China from its“position of strength”in the precision semiconductor chip industry chain and supply chain.Based on an analysis of legislative data from the 115th to 117th sessions of the U.S.Congress,this article concludes that the“bipartisan consensus”in the field of digital infrastructure between Democrats and Republicans is not firmly established.In fact,there are significant differences between the two parties in terms of the direction and layout of digital technology application.The U.S.digital infrastructure strategy demonstrates distinct partisan characteristics at every stage of development.Such partisan political landscape severely weakens the decision-making efficiency and alliance effectiveness of the U.S.digital infrastructure strategy,further exacerbating the irrational tendencies of America's“digital infrastructure diplomacy”towards China.It also poses significant risks to the healthy development of the global digital infrastructure industry and may undermine the long-term competitiveness of the U.S.digital infrastructure.