基于人居活动数据的城市分析——纽约市实践经验及其城市人因工程学启示

Urban Analytics Based on Human Activity Data:Practical Experience of New York City and Insights in Urban Ergonomics

在数字时代背景下,当代与未来的城市不断呈现出虚实结合的空间演变与人机交互的智慧场景。人因视角的城市研究从人体与空间的体验、互动与感受出发,关注物理空间规划设计与人交互所带来的生理、心理影响与作用,是探讨未来城市空间的重要研究视角。通过对21世纪以来城市信息技术发展演化的梳理,本文阐述了城市人居活动数字化智慧化的发展趋势为人因视角的城市分析所带来的机遇与挑战。一方面,多源大数据与多模态信息能更全面地反映人与多尺度、多维度空间中多种元素的相互作用,为使用机器学习与信息可视化等技术开展科学量化分析提供了丰富的数字资源;另一方面,随着信息技术与人工智能不断渗透人居空间与城市生活,当代城市物理—赛博—社会三元空间中多种智慧化技术应用与人不断交互影响,演化出众多新的用户体验和生活场景,为人与城市空间交互带来了新问题、复杂性与新风险。基于以上总结,作者认为城市人因工程学可提升人居活动数据分析的“人本性”“交互性”与“社会性”,其理论与方法对城市分析具有重要的科学启示。

Contemporary and future cities encompass various intelligent scenarios and evolve through virtual-reality integration and human-computer interaction.Urban Ergonomics,as an emerging research field,investigates the experience,interaction,and feelings of the human body with space.It explores the physiological and psychological effects of urban physical space through human interaction,providing critical insights for future urban space.By summarising the evolution of urban information technology since the 21st century,this paper expounds on the opportunities and challenges brought by digital and intelligent cities,particularly in computing and analytics.On the one hand,multi-source big data and multi-modal information reflect the interaction between people and various elements in multiscale and multi-dimensional spaces,enabling scientific analysis using machine learning and information visualisation.On the other hand,as information technology and AI continue to infiltrate urban living,the physical-cyber-society aspects of urban space continue to evolve with new experiences and use cases emerging.As such innovations rapidly transform the interaction between people and urban spaces,they also bring new problems,complexities,and risks.The humane,interactive and communal characteristics of urban ergonomics enhance the framework of urban analytics,and provide more grounding to homogeneous technology-driven data through increased public participation.