汉英名词性领属结构语序格局的差异及成因:认知定势与相关变量的合作及竞争机制

Deferring consonant or competitive mechanism between cognitive style and other variables underlying Chinese and English nominal possessive word order

基于“天人合一、主客和合”价值取向的“客体导向、背衬优先”认知定势,塑造出汉语背衬前置于显体的主导语序,这跟领属结构中高可别度成分要求前置的倾向和谐一致,形成诸变量统一支持背衬前置的单一化名词性领属结构的语序格局。源自古希腊的“人是度量万物的尺度”价值取向的“自我中心、显体目标优先”认知定势,形成英语背衬后置于显体的主导语序,这跟名词性领属结构中高可及度、高可别度的背衬成分要求前置的倾向冲突,彼此争夺前置权,形成名词性领属结构逆序并存的格局。本文归纳并解释了of结构跟与之逆序的’s结构能否互换的条件,还发现汉语背衬优先认知定势与其他变量在领属结构前置权竞争中合作多于竞争,而英语显体优先认知定势与其他变量的前置权竞争中竞争压倒合作,导致汉英领属结构主导语序及语序格局的不对称。

Based on the Chinese philosophic value orientation of the Oneness of Man and Nature,the Chinese object-oriented ground-preference cognitive style gives rise to the ground-preference Chinese dominant word order that places ground prior to figure in nominal genitive structure.This word order keeps in consistence with the requirement of placing the component with higher accessibility or higher identifiability prior to those with lower ones.Consequently,Chinese nominal possessive structure has only one unitary structural order with all variables in a congenial relationship in word order arrangement.By contrast,in light of ego-centric value orientation based on Man is the Measure of All Things philosophy,the English figure-preference cognitive style gives rise to the dominant word order of placing figure ahead of ground in nominal genitive structure.This not only conflicts with the requirement of placing the constitute with higher accessibility or higher identifiability prior to those with lower ones,but also brings about competition for the prior position of nominal possessive structure between possessor as ground and possessee as figure.The findings of this paper are as below:First,the transposable condition of of-possessive and's-possessive;second,in the competition of Chinse ground-preference cognitive style with other variables for prior position of possessive construction,Chinese genitive construction manifests more consonance than competitiveness,while English manifests more competitiveness than consonance in its figure-preference cognitive style with other variables.This results in the asymmetry of dominant word order and layout between Chinese and English genitive constructions.