搭配频率与普通话声调异读现象

Tone variation caused by the effect of collocational frequency in Mandarin

本文通过问卷形式调查了全国范围内普通话使用者关于“潜”“违”“祈”“寅”四字的发音问题。结果显示,四字存在较为明显的“阳平/上声”异读现象,且该现象在全国各地的分布情况较为一致,不应解释为是地方方言影响普通话的结果。同时,在要求被试针对上述四字进行组词后发现,被调查字开头的词中,最常见的声调组合形式都表现为“阳平+上声”。我们认为,正是由于这种“阳平+上声”的声调组合模式干扰了普通话使用者对于前字本调的判断,从而出现了较为普遍的“阳平/上声”异读现象。

This article investigates the pronunciation of four characters,qian(潜),wei(违),qi(祈),yin(寅),among the Mandarin speakers in China by means of questionnaire.As a result,theses four characters show a tone 2/tone 3 variation in pronunciation.Howev-er,such a variation cannot be attributed to the effect of Chinese dialects on the pronunciation of Mandarin.With further investigation,it is found that,according to such Mandarin speak-ers’lexicon,most of the word combinations beginning with these four characters show a tone sequence of 2-3,which is homophonous with the tone sequence 3-3 in Mandarin.Consequently,we may draw a conclusion that,it is because of the tonal neutralization be-tween2-3 and 3-3 tone sequences that Mandarin speakers make an incorrect judgment on the lexical tone of the first character in the tone sequence 2-3.