全混合日粮添加酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、免疫力及养分表观消化率的影响

Effect of adding yeast culture to total mixed diet on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters, immunity and nutrient apparent digestibility of beef cattle

试验研究在全混合日粮中添加不同剂量的酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、机体免疫功能及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择60头体重相近、无病健康的肉牛,随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。各组肉牛分别饲喂含有0 (对照组)、20 (1组)、40 (2组)、80 g/(头·d)(3组)酵母培养物的全混合日粮,试验期60d。结果显示,与对照组相比,2组和3组肉牛的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,2组和3组肉牛瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)、丙酸(BA)含量显著提高(P<0.05),瘤胃氨态氮(NH_3-N)含量、乙丙比(AA/BA)显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,2组和3组肉牛血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)含量显著提高(P<0.05),白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,2组和3组肉牛对干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的消化率显著提高(P<0.05);所有酵母培养物组肉牛对粗蛋白的消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,在肉牛生产中使用适量的酵母培养物可改善其生长性能、机体免疫力、瘤胃发酵功能及养分表观消化率,综合养殖成本考虑,生产中酵母培养物最适添加量为40 g/(头·d)。

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding different doses of yeast culture to total mixed diets on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,immune function and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle.A total of 60 healthy beef cattle with similar body weight and no disease were randomly divided into four groups with 15 replicates in each group and one beef cattle in each replicate.Beef cattle in each group were fed a total mixed diet containing 0(control group),20(group 1),40(group 2),80 g/(head·d)(group 3)yeast culture,respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 d.The results showed that compared with control group,the average daily gain of beef cattle in group 2 and group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the rumen MCP and BA content of beef cattle in group 2 and group 3 were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the rumen NH3-N content and AA/BA were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the content of IgA,IgG and IL-4 in serum of beef cattle in group 2 and group 3 were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of IL-1 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the digestibility of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in group 2 and group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05),the digestibility of crude protein of beef cattle in all yeast culture groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).The study indicates that the growth performance,immunity,rumen fermentation function and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle can be improved by using an appropriate amount of yeast culture.Considering the overall breeding cost,the yeast culture optimal supplemental amount is 40 g/(head·d).