中华小长臂虾营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition of Palaemonetes sinensis

试验旨在了解中华小长臂虾营养价值。试验测定中华小长臂虾的营养成分、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸含量及矿物质含量,并对氨基酸含量进行评分。结果显示,中华小长臂虾肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分占76.60%、19.04%、2.25%、2.01%。脂肪酸检出17种,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)数量分别为6、4、7种,且∑PUFA (41.05%)>∑SFA (34.48%)>∑MUFA(15.51%),二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)为19.41%。总氨基酸(TAA)含量为25.54 g/100g,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)和呈味氨基酸(DAA)分别为8.32、9.86 g/100g,谷氨酸含量最高,为4.32 g/100 g。必需氨基酸指数为85.16,接近鸡蛋蛋白质(100),多数必需氨基酸评分高于100,超过了FAO/WHO评分模式;铁含量达9.041 mg/kg,且有害物质均低于限量标准。研究表明,中华小长臂虾蛋白质营养价值高,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,矿物质丰富,具有较大的利用和开发潜力。

The purpose of the experiment was to understand the nutritional value of Palaemonetes sinensis.The experiment determined nutritional composition,fatty acid composition,amino acid content and mineral content,and scored the amino acid content.The results showed that the content of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and crude ash in muscle accounted for 76.60%,19.04%,2.25%and 2.01%.Seventeen kinds of fatty acids were detected,including 6 kinds of SFA,4 kinds of MUFA and 7 kinds of PUFA,withΣPUFA(41.05%)>ΣSFA(34.48%)>ΣMUFA(15.51%).The mass fraction of EPA+DH was 19.41%.TAA content was 25.54 g/100 g,of which EAA and DAA were 8.32 and 9.86 g/100 g,respectively,and glutamic acid content was the highest(4.32 g/100 g).The essential amino acid index was 85.16,which was close to egg protein(100),and most of the essential amino acid scores were higher than 100,which exceeded the FAO/WHO scoring model.The iron content was 9.041 mg/kg,and the harmful substances were lower than the limit standard.The study indicates that the high nutritional value of protein,high unsaturated fatty acid content and rich mineral of Palaemonetes sinensis,which has great potential for utilization and development.