微藻的营养特性及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

Research progress on nutritional properties and application of microalgae in animal production

微藻是一种光合自养微生物,能够生产高营养价值的生物活性物质,如蛋白质、必需氨基酸、多不饱和脂肪酸(二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸等)、植物甾醇(麦角甾醇、岩藻甾醇和β-谷甾醇等)、酚类化合物(类黄酮和酚酸)和天然色素(叶绿素、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素等)。微藻及其提取物具有抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节等生物活性,能够促进动物的生长发育,增强机体免疫能力,改善产品品质。文章系统介绍了微藻中富含的多种营养成分,总结了近年来微藻在水产、猪、反刍动物、家禽等动物生产中的开发与应用进展,以期为微藻的进一步开发与应用提供参考。

Microalgae is a kind of photosynthetic autotrophic microorganism,which can produce bioactive substances with high nutritional value,such as protein,essential amino acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids(eicosapentaenoic acid,docosahexaenoic acid,etc.),phytosterols(ergosterol,fucosterol andβ-sitosterol,etc.),phenolic compounds(flavonoids and phenolic acids)and natural pigments(chlorophyll,β-carotene,astaxanthin,etc.).Microalgae and their extracts have biological activity such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and immune regulation,etc,which can promote the growth and development of animals,enhance the body's immunity,improve product quality.The paper systematically introduces the various nutritional components contained in microalgae,summarizes the development and application progress of microalgae in animal production such as aquaculture,pigs,ruminants and poultry in recent years,to provide reference for further development and application of microalgae.