唯物史观内蕴的目的论及其革命性超越

On the Teleology Contained in Historical Materialism and Its Revolutionary Significance

马克思恩格斯创立的唯物史观,既对传统的历史目的论进行了深刻批判,同时又蕴含了一种新型目的论。基于劳动的目的论原则,唯物史观的目的论把设定目的当作人类社会活动的本质特征。依据社会有机体与自然有机体比照的双重特性,唯物史观主张社会历史具有合目的性。唯物史观关于未来社会的自由劳动预期,蕴示着人类历史将朝着设定目的前进。唯物史观所内蕴的目的论思想具有重要的理论意义,它超越了世界观问题上的因果论和目的论的对立,超越了历史目的论问题上主观主义和客观主义的对立,实现了对西方传统世界观和历史目的论的革命性超越。

The historical materialism founded by Marx and Engels not only makes a profound critique of the traditional historical teleology,but also contains a new type of teleology.Based on the teleological principle of labour,historical materialism regards the setting of purpose as the essential characteristic of human social activities.By contrasting the social organism with the natural organism,historical materialism asserts the purposiveness of social history.Historical materialism's expectation of free labour in future indicates that human society will advance toward its set goal.The teleological thought contained in historical materialism has important theoretical significance.It transcends the opposition between causality and teleology on the issue of world outlook,and the opposition between subjectivism and objectivism on the issue of historical teleology.