瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1在缺血性中风机制及相关中药的研究进展

Mechanism of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1 in Ischemic Stroke and Related Chinese Medicines:A Review

中风是严重危害人民健康的重大疾病,居我国致死疾病之首,缺血性中风(IS)占70%以上。因时间窗窄、适应证严格等原因,静脉溶栓、血管内治疗临床实际受益人群极为有限,寻求特异性有效药物仍是临床迫切需求,深入探索相关机制、发掘治疗新靶点是创新药物研发的关键。近年来,瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)通过非谷氨酸机制调控中风后钙离子稳态,并参与中风后多种复杂机制,有望成为中风后神经保护作用的新兴靶点。中药具有多成分、多靶点的特点,已有临床研究证实在中风不同阶段应用中药治疗均有良好疗效,目前已在许多中药如吴茱萸、生姜、天然冰片中发现TRPV1激动剂/抑制剂。现从TRPV1参与调控钙超载、兴奋性毒性、神经炎症等病理机制出发,厘清其具体作用,并归纳可能作用于TRPV1治疗中风的中药成分,以期为中风研究及治疗提供新思路。

Stroke is a major disease that seriously endangers people′s health.It is the leading cause of death in China,with ischemic stroke(IS)accounting for over 70%of cases.Due to reasons such as a narrow time window and strict eligibility criteria,the clinical benefits of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment are extremely limited.Therefore,the search for specific and effective drugs remains an urgent clinical need,and in-depth exploration of relevant mechanisms and the discovery of new therapeutic targets are key to innovative drug development.In recent years,transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1(TRPV1),through non-glutamate mechanisms,has been found to regulate calcium homeostasis after stroke and participate in various complex mechanisms following stroke.It is expected to become an emerging target for neuroprotection after stroke.Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multiple components and multiple targets.Clinical studies have confirmed the good therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke at different stages.Currently,TRPV1 agonists/inhibitors have been found in many Chinese medicines such as Euodiae Fructus,Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,and Borneolum.Now,starting from the pathological mechanisms involving TRPV1,such as the regulation of calcium overload,excitotoxicity,and neuroinflammation,this study aimed to clarify its specific role and summarized the potential Chinese medicinal components that presumably acted on TRPV1 for the treatment of stroke,thereby providing new insights for stroke research and treatment.