社区高血压和糖尿病患者的健康管理现状及影响因素

Investigation of health management status of patients with hypertension and diabetes in the community and its influencing factors

目的探讨社区高血压和糖尿病患者的健康管理现状及影响因素。方法选择2020年1月至2021年3月社区中居民1050名,采取方便抽样方式,通过问卷调查,整理当前社区高血压和糖尿病患者的健康管理现状,共发放问卷1050份。成功回收1000份,回收成功率为95.24%。结果1000名居民之中,有单纯糖尿病患者50名(5%),有单纯高血压患者220名(22%),糖尿病合并高血压患者70名(7%);患病居民的健康管理知晓率、接受率、健康管理内容方面高于非患病居民(P<0.05);患病居民健康管理认知、形式以及满意度及在随访与健康教育方面与非患病居民比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic分析结果,性别、年龄、血糖、血压自测、患病情况以及卫生服务机构,是社区居民健康管理的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论当前社区高血压、糖尿病患者的占比较高,但其健康管理现状并不理想,对于社区健康管理的知晓程度、接受程度较低,社区居民健康管理的影响因素主要包括别、年龄、血糖血压自测、患病情况以及卫生服务机构,以此为基础,寻找适合方式加强对社区慢性病患者的健康管理极为重要。

Objective To analyze the current status of health management of patients with hypertension and diabetes in the community and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 1,050 residents in the community selected by a convenient sampling method from January 2020 to March 2021 were recruited for questionnaire survey.The current health management status of hypertension and diabetes patients in the community was analyzed.A total of 1,050 questionnaires were distributed,and 1,000/1,050(95.24%)were returned.Results Among the 1,000 residents,there were 50/1,000(5.0%),220/1,000(22.0%)and 70/1000(7.0%)people with diabetes,hypertension and diabetes combined with hypertension,respectively.The health management awareness rate,acceptance rate,and mastering of health management content of sick residents were significantly higher than those of non-sick residents(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in health management cognition,health management form and satisfaction between sick and non-sick residents(P>0.05).Meanwhile,there were no significant differences in the follow-up and health education among residents with different illnesses(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,blood sugar,self-test of blood pressure,prevalence of illnesses,and health service institutions are influencing factors for health management of community residents(P<0.05).Conclusion At present,the proportion of residents with hypertension and diabetes in the community is relatively high,but their health management status is not ideal with low awareness and acceptance of community health management.The influencing factors for community health management mainly include gender,age,blood sugar,self-test of blood pressure,prevalence of illnesses,and health service institutions.Based on these findings,it is of great significance to seek for proper approaches to strengthen the health management of residents with chronic diseases in the community.