从兑废稿的缀合看敦煌写经的修复——以含有兑废稿的敦煌《大般若经》写本为例

Restoration of Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts Based on the Piecing Together of"Rejected Manuscripts"-Supplemented by"Rejected"Dunhuang Manuscripts of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra

从敦煌写卷实例出发,尝试对古代敦煌的佛教徒如何处理含有兑废稿的写经作出解答,以引起人们对敦煌写经兑废稿问题的关注和思考。兑废稿从长卷上拆下并补入无误新稿的事实说明,兑废稿写本将被加工修复,拆下误抄的废纸,补入无误的新纸,以成为内容连贯无误的完整经本。我们又把上述发现扩展到所有包含兑废稿的敦煌《大般若经》写本长卷,对它们全部加以汇总分析,认为等待它们的也将是同样的加工修复程序。

A group of manuscripts of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra in the Dunhuang Documents Collected in the National Library of China include several"rejected manuscripts"(duifei gao兑废稿),wrongly copied manuscripts that were marked with the Chinese character dui兑to mark that they were to be replaced later with correct copies-these manuscripts have since been pieced together.This paper attempts to answer the question of how the Buddhists at Dunhuang in the Tang and Five Dynasties dealt with such"rejected manuscripts."The fact that they were removed from finished scrolls and replaced with correctly copied versions of a text suggests that the scrolls containing rejected material were expected to undergo some degree of reparation and restoration,during which the flawed documents were removed and replaced with correctly copied manuscripts so as to form a complete scroll with unified contents.By applying these findings to all of the long scrolls of sutras that contain"rejected manuscripts"among Dunhuang documents,this analysis has concluded that these sutras could readily be altered by the same process of restoration.Furthermore,by undertaking this research,it is hoped that greater attention will be paid to the presence of duifei gao among Dunhuang documents.