早期吞咽功能训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的影响

Effect of Early Swallowing Function Training on Patients with Dysphagia after Stroke

目的:探讨早期吞咽功能训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的影响。方法:选取2020年9月—2021年10月鹤山市人民医院收治的101例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者。根据随机数表法将其分为B组(n=50)和A组(n=51)。B组给予常规干预,A组给予常规干预+早期吞咽功能训练。比较两组干预3个月后吞咽功能,干预前及干预3个月后营养状况、生活质量、日常生活能力及吸入性肺炎发生率。结果:干预3个月后,A组吞咽功能优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月后,A组肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂肌围(AMC)及体重指数(BMI)均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月后,A组中文版吞咽生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月后,A组吸入性肺炎发生率明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:早期吞咽功能训练可加快脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的恢复,改善营养状况,提高生活自理能力及生活质量,且收入性肺炎发生率更低。

Objective:To investigate the effect of early swallowing function training on patients with dysphagia after stroke.Method:A total of 101 patients with dysphagia after stroke treated in Heshan People's Hospital from September 2020 to October 2021 were selected.They were divided into group B(n=50)and group A(n=51)according to random number table method.Group B received routine intervention,group A received routine intervention+early swallowing function training.The swallowing function after 3 months of intervention,nutritional status,quality of life,ability of daily living before and after 3 months of intervention and incidence of aspiration pneumonia were compared between the two groups.Result:After 3 months of intervention,the swallowing function of group A was better than that of group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 months of intervention,triceps skin fold thickness(TSF),upper arm muscle circumference(AMC)and body mass index(BMI)in group A were higher than those in group B,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 months of intervention,Chinese swallowing quality of life scale(SWAL-QOL)and activities ability of daily living scale(ADL)scores of group A were higher than those of group B,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 months of intervention,the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in group A was significantly lower than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early swallowing function training can accelerate the recovery of swallowing function of patients with dysphagia after stroke,improve nutritional status,improve self-care ability and quality of life,and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was lower.