文献学视域下的美国国会图书馆汉籍收藏史(1912-1949)

A History of the Collection of Chinese Classics in the Library of Congress from the Perspective of Philology(1912-1949)

美国国会图书馆是美国最重要的汉籍收藏单位。美国汉籍收藏史在1912-1949年的发展有独特的推动因素,与汉学史并不完全同步。在文献学视野下,1912-1949年间美国国会图书馆的汉籍收藏史可以分为3个阶段:第一阶段1912-1925年是基本典籍的建设期,积累了大量文献资源及文献学经验;第二阶段是1926-1941年,大量购入私人藏书以增加稀见典籍收藏量;第三阶段是1942-1949年,太平洋战争爆发后,新入藏文献以当代资料为主,1949年起不再购入带有文物属性的传统汉籍。在汉籍收藏不断积累的同时,美国国会图书馆的汉籍目录学、版本学水平得到长足发展,成为美国汉学开展的重要基础。

The Library of Congress is the main repository of Chinese books in the United States.The history of collecting Chinese books in the United States from 1912 to 1949 had its own unique driving factors,which were not completely synchronized with the history of Sinology.From the perspective of philology,the history of the collection of Chinese books in the Library of Congress from 1912 to 1949 can be divided into three phases.The first phase,1912-1949,was the period of collecting the basic classics,during which a large number of documentary resources and philological experiences were accumulated;the second phase,1926-1941,saw the acquisition of an enormous amount of private collections,which increased the Library’s rare book holdings;the third phase was from 1942 to 1949,after the outbreak of the Pacific War,when the new accessions were mainly contemporary materials and traditional Chinese books as cultural heritage were no longer acquired after 1949.In parallel with the accumulation of Chinese books in the collections,the level of bibliography and bibliology of Chinese books in the Library of Congress was greatly developed,serving as an important basis for the development of sinology in the United States.