溢流诱发堤坝决口的破坏特性和冲刷模式研究

Study on the damage characteristics and erosion patterns of the embankment breaches induced by overflows

泄洪引起的堤坝溢流对社会、环境和基础设施造成巨大的破坏。通过实验室堤坝模型试验,研究沉积物尺寸对动态横向加宽过程、决口特征和冲刷过程的影响。结果表明,较细的沉积物显示出较高的抗侵蚀和抗破坏能力以及在基础处较高的抗冲刷能力,而较粗的沉积物则表现出相反的特征。最大冲刷深度与沉积物粒径呈近似线性关系,且冲刷位置位于堤坝中心至坝趾方向。模型试验丰富了堤坝受冲刷作用下的水流泥沙运动规律的理论研究,为防洪减灾提供了一定的理论支持。

The overflow of levees caused by flood discharge causes great damage to society,environment and infrastructure.In this paper,the influence of sediment size on the dynamic lateral widening process,breach characteristics and erosion process was studied by laboratory model tests.The results show that the finer sediments show higher resistance to erosion and damage and higher resistance to erosion at the foundation,while the coarser sediments show the opposite characteristics.The maximum erosion depth has an approximate linear relationship with the sediment particle size,and the erosion location is from the center of the dam to the toe of the dam.This paper has enriched the theoretical research on the flow and sediment movement of the dam under the action of erosion,and provided some theoretical support for flood control and disaster reduction.