时空与平等:文学中的形式因素与思想建构

Temporal-Spatial Factors in Literature and Social Equality

研究文学中时空因素与社会平等之间的关系,有助于我们理解文学的形式因素与思想建构之间的联系。从社会平等的角度看,时间具有外在、单维、均衡、流逝四种特性;空间具有稳定、具象、可控三种特性。时间的特性决定了时间影响、掌握人类,人类却无法影响、掌握时间;空间的特性决定了人类可以掌握、占有空间。在文学作品中,时间一般与社会平等相关联,人们往往从时间的占有、时间的节点、时间的起点与终点、时间的过程四个方面表达与挖掘时间的平等内涵。而空间则往往与社会不平等相关联,人们常常从维度、面积、体积、身体空间四个方面彰显空间与社会不平等的联系。一般情况下,文学中的时间和空间分别同社会平等与不平等相联系,特殊情况下,这种联系也可发生翻转。前者是文学中时空与社会平等的正题,后者为反题。反题的存在,给文学中时空与平等的关系增添了复杂因素,提高了作家创作的能动性和自主性。

Studying the relationship between temporal and spatial factors and social equality in literature is helpful for us to understand the relationship between form factors and ideological constructionin literature.From the perspective of social equality,time has four characteristics:external,uni-dimensional,equilibrium and elapse.Space has three characteristics:stability,concrete and controllability.The characteristic of time decides that time influences and grasps human beings,but human beings cannot influence and grasps time.The characteristics of space determine that people can master and occupy space.In literary works,time is generally associated with social equality.People often express and explore the connotation of time equality from four aspects:the possession of time,the node of time,the starting point and end point of time,and the process of time.On the other hand,space is often associated with social inequality.People often highlight the connection between space and social inequality from four aspects:dimension,area,volume and body space.In general,time and space in literature are connected with social equality and inequality respectively,and in special cases,this connection can be reversed.The former is the thesis of space-time and social equality in literature,while the latter is the antithesis.The existence of antithesis adds complex factors to the relationship between space and time and equality in literature,and improves the initiative and autonomy of writers’creation.