清初辽金元三史满蒙翻译的史料取舍考析

Data Selection in Early Qing Manchu and Mongolian Translation of Liao,Jin and Yuan Histories

与清太祖实录的编纂相同,清初辽金元三史满蒙翻译是清朝入关前的重大文化举措,反映清代的历史认同、史鉴需求和文献流播情况.根据三史译本的局部对勘发现,三史译本不仅以三史本纪为主体,还从志、表、传编译了不少内容.另外,三史译本各有三史以外的史源,《元史》译本甚至有取自蒙古文史书的内容.翻译三史时清朝尚处刚建立国家时期,而当时文士还能参酌不同史源,勘同蒙汉文献,表明清初的文献流播和文化交流已经达到非常丰实紧密的程度.

The Manchu and Mongolian translation of Liao,Jin and Yuan histories was as important in terms of cultural construction as the composition of The Veritable Record of Nurhaci in early Qing,both reflected the historical identities,the need to mirror predecessor's feat and the book collection in early Qing court.This paper deals with the data selection in early Qing Manchu and Mongolian translation of Liao,Jin and Yuan histories on the basis of a partial analysis and comparison between the Chinese,Manchu and Mongolian versions.After textual analysis and comparisons between different versions,we found that the Manchu and Mongolian versions of Liao,Jin and Yuan histories not only took sources from the Original Records in the three histories,but also gleaned historical data from other parts of the three histories.Our further examination into the translated texts demonstrates that,other than planted solely in each of the three histories respectively,the Manchu and Mongolian versions of the three histories had contents from external data origins.For examples,the translation of Liao history had to do with the New Five Dynasties'History and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government,the translation of Jin had extracts from the Liao history while the translation of Yuan history was in relation with classical Mongolian chronicles.