英美法上信义关系的共性特征及镜鉴意义

Common Characteristics and Implications of Fiduciary Relationships in Anglor American Law

近年来,越来越多主体不一、性质各异的社会关系被界定为信义关系,信义关系共性特征成为关注焦点。基于确立时期、一方主体具有特定资质及主体间存在特殊法定关系等标准,可对英美法上确立的具有代表性的信义关系进行类型化研究。超出普通程度的信赖、受信人享有自由程度较高的裁量权、地位不平衡与信息不对称,以及受信人行为的“利他性”特征等,是英美法上信义关系的共性特征。基于信义关系的共性特征,应避免泛化适用信义关系的倾向。信义关系所具有的对社会关系的信赖维持功能和价值引导功能,对我国推进社会信用体系建设具有积极意义。

In recent years.many types of social relationships with different subjects have been defined as fiduciary relationships.Based on typological study of representative fiduciary relationships,and proposes that trust beyond ordinary degree,high degree of discretionary power enjoyed by Fiduciary,imbalance of status,and"altruistie"of the Fiduciary's behavior are common characteristics of fiduciary relationships.Based on the common characteristics,we should adhere to a cautious attitude for the expansion of fiduciary relationships.The function of fiduciary relationship has a positive significance for promoting the construction of social trust system in our country.