全国文明城市评选对地区旅游业发展的影响研究——基于281个城市的经验证据

Study on the Impact of the National Civilized City Selection on Regional Tourism Development——Based on empirical evidence from 281 cities

从城市品牌效应的视角出发,将全国文明城市评选视作外生政策冲击,借助多期双重差分法,结合2001—2020年全国281个城市的面板数据,考察全国文明城市荣誉品牌对地区旅游业发展的影响。结果表明,文明城市评选在提升地区人均国内旅游收入的同时,也使得人均国内旅游接待人次显著增加。该结论在经过安慰剂检验、PSM-DID等稳健性方法检验后依旧成立。机制分析表明,全国文明城市评选所带来的城市品牌效应能够通过人口城镇化水平、居民消费水平两个渠道促进地区旅游业发展。异质性分析表明,沿海城市、较高行政等级城市、较大人口规模城市获评全国文明城市荣誉称号会对旅游业发展带来更加积极的影响。因此,地方政府要充分认识到全国文明城市评选对旅游业发展的重要性,因地制宜地推动城市间旅游业的协调、可持续发展。

From the perspective of city brand,based on the panel data of 281 cities in China from 2001 to 2020,this paper regards the national civilized city selection as a quasi-natural experiment,and empirically analyzes the influence of national civilized city honorary brand on the development of tourism through multiple-time-period DID method.The results show that the civilized city selection has not only improved the per capita domestic tourism income,but also increased the per capita domestic tourism number.This conclusion still stands valid after a series of robustness tests such as placebo test and PSM-DID.The mechanism analysis shows that the city brand effect brought by the national civilized city selection promotes the development of tourism through channels of urbanization level enhancement and consumption level optimization.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effect of civilized city selection on the tourism development is more prominent for coastal cities with higher administrative grade and larger population scale.The local governments should fully realize the importance of the national civilized city selection to the development of tourism,and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of tourism between cities according to local conditions.