商标侵权中商标使用地位的再审视

Study on the Appropriate Positioning of the Trademark Use in Trademark Infringement

学界对商标使用在商标侵权判断中的地位存在不同观点,大部分观点本质上都肯定了商标使用在侵权判断中“一票否决权”的作用,但疏于对商标使用独立性、前提性地位的明确。从认知心理学角度考量,商标使用是商家通过复述刺激,达到商品信息存储在相关公众长时记忆中的手段,混淆可能性则是感觉系统对被诉侵权标识与商品/服务对应关系产生的误认,存储信息是感觉系统出现误认的前提,即商标使用是混淆可能性判断的前提。为此,我国商标侵权判断应以商标使用为前提,并对识别来源作不利于使用者的解释,阻却其以不具备主观使用意图为由抗辩,后续侵权认定继续坚持混淆可能性的根本地位。

There are many different views on the status of trademark use when accessing trademark infringement.Most of them confirm the vote power of trademark use but neglect the clarification on its independence and prerequisite.From the perspective of cognitive psychology,trademark use is a means used by merchants to store product information as long-term memories of the relevant public through repetitive stimulation.Likelihood of confusion exists when a trademark causes relevant consumers to be confused as to the source or affiliation of that product or service.Information storage is the premise of the sensory system to produce misrecognition,that is,the use of trademarks is the premise of the possibility of confusion judgment.Therefore,judgment of trademark infringement in China should take trademark use as the premise.The interpretation of the identification source is unfavorable to the user,preventing the user from arguing that there is no subjective use intention,and the subsequent identification of infringement continues to insist on the fundamental status of the likelihood of confusion and should take likelihood of confusion as a necessary condition for trademark infringement.