湖州市扩大免疫规划实施前后风疹流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of rubella before and after implementation of the expanded programme on immunization in Huzhou City

目的了解湖州市扩大免疫规划(expanded programme on immunization,EPI)实施前后风疹流行特征的变化。方法收集湖州市2005—2019年风疹病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法比较EPI实施前(2005—2008年)和实施后(2009—2019年)风疹发病率情况、季节分布和人群分布情况。结果2005—2019年湖州市共报告风疹1510例,年均发病率为3.47/10万。EPI实施后风疹年均发病率为2.78/10万,显著低于实施前的5.43/10万(χ^(2)=169.83,P<0.001)。EPI实施前后发病高峰均为4—6月;EPI实施前发病率最高为安吉县(9.42/10万),实施后为吴兴区(4.41/10万)。EPI实施后,0~<25岁组风疹发病率为5.76/10万,低于实施前的15.25/10万(χ^(2)=259.15,P<0.001);但EPI实施后≥25岁组风疹发病率为1.71/10万,高于实施前的1.21/10万(χ^(2)=9.31,P=0.002)。结论含风疹成分疫苗纳入EPI后,湖州市风疹发病率明显下降,发病率最高的县区由安吉县转变为吴兴区,发病年龄向高年龄组迁移。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Huzhou before and after the implementation of the expanded programme on immunization(EPI).Methods The data of rubella cases in Huzhou from 2005 to 2019 were collected,and the descriptive epidemiological methods was used to compare the incidence rates,seasonal distribution and population distribution of rubella before EPI(2005-2008)and after EPI(2009-2019).Results A total of 1510 cases of rubella were reported from 2005 to 2019 in Huzhou,with an average annual incidence rate of 3.47/100000.After the implementation of EPI,the average annual incidence rate of rubella was 2.78/100000,which was significantly lower than 5.43/100000 before the implementation of EPI(χ^(2)=169.83,P<0.001).The incidence peak was from April to June before and after the implementation of EPI.Anji County and Wuxing District had the highest incidence rates before and after EPI,respectively.After EPI,the incidence rate in the group aged 0-<25 years was 5.76/100000,which was lower than 15.25/100000 before the implementation of EPI(χ^(2)=259.15,P<0.001).And the incidence rate in the group≥25 years old was 1.71/100000,which was higher than 1.21/100000 before the implementation of EPI(χ^(2)=9.31,P=0.002).Conclusions After the inclusion of rubella-containing vaccine in EPI,the incidence rate of rubella decreases significantly in Huzhou City.The area with the highest incidence rate changes from Anji County to Wuxing District,and the age of onset is getting older.