围绝经期妇女职业倦怠、工作压力与抑郁的关系

Relationship between job burnout,job stress and depression in perimenopausal women

目的探讨围绝经期妇女职业倦怠、工作压力与抑郁的关系。方法2020年8月至2022年8月随机选取温州市围绝经期妇女1208例为研究对象。采用个人一般情况调查表、中国护士工作压力源量表、工作倦怠量表(MB-GS)及流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)检测研究对象的职业倦怠、工作压力、社会支持与抑郁情况,并采用Pearson相关系数分析职业倦怠、工作压力与抑郁的相关性。结果已婚者的压力源量表、MB-GS评分分别为(47.54±4.54)分、(34.69±4.12)分,均低于未婚、离婚或分居、丧偶者,SSQ评分为(33.28±8.94)分,高于未婚、离婚或丧偶者,差异均有统计学意义(F=9.49、51.86、17.55,均P<0.001);已婚者、未婚、离婚或丧偶者CES-D评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中学文化程度的压力源量表、MB-GS、CES-D、SSQ评分分别为(55.41±6.15)分、(44.31±6.13)分、(21.24±4.11)分、(40.76±10.44)分,均高于文化程度为小学及以下、大专及以上者,差异均有统计学意义(F=147.29、106.46、70.14、13.08,均P<0.001)。从事其他非服务职业者的压力源量表、MB-GS、CES-D评分分别为(44.21±3.84)分、(37.78±5.24)分、(17.53±3.42)分、(34.27±6.97)分,均低于从事护理职业、教师职业、其他服务行业者,差异均有统计学意义(F=207.75、102.47、37.24、137.35,均P<0.001)。相关性分析结果显示,压力源量表与MB-GS、CES-D、社会支持量表评分呈正相关(r=0.58、0.62、0.52,均P<0.05);MB-GS与CES-D、社会支持量表评分呈正相关(r=0.59、0.68,均P<0.05);抑郁自评量表与社会支持量表呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.05)。结论围绝经期妇女职业倦怠、工作压力与抑郁呈正相关,且与其婚姻情况、社会支持、职业及文化程度有关。

Objective To investigate the relationship between job burnout,job stress,and depression in perimenopausal women.Methods A total of 1208 postmenopausal women from Wenzhou were randomly selected from August 2020 to August 2022 as research subjects for this study.Job burnout,job stress,social support,and depression were measured using the personal general condition questionnaire,the Chinese community nurse stress scale,Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey,Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between job burnout,job stress,and depression.Results The scores of the Chinese community nurse stress scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey in married people were(47.54±4.54)points and(34.69±4.12)points,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in unmarried,divorced,separated,and widowed people(F=9.49,51.86,all P<0.001).The Social Support Questionnaire score in married people was(33.28±8.94)points,which was significantly higher than that in unmarried,divorced,separated,or widowed people(F=17.55,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score among married,unmarried,divorced,separated,or widowed people(all P>0.05).The scores for the Chinese community nurse stress scale,Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey,Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,and Social Support Questionnaire in people who received middle school-level education were(55.41±6.15)points,(44.31±6.13)points,(21.24±4.11)points,and(40.76±10.44)points,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in people who received education of primary school and below,college and above(F=147.29,106.46,70.14,13.08,all P<0.001).The scores of stressors for individuals engaged in other non-service professions,the score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey,and the score of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were(44.21±3.84)points,(37.78±5.24)points,(17.53±3.42)points,and(34.27±6.97)points,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of stressors for individuals engaged in nursing,teaching,and other service professions(F=207.75,102.47,37.24,137.35,all P<0.001).The results of correlation analysis showed that the score of the stressor scale was positively correlated with the scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey,Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,and Social Support Questionnaire(r=0.58,0.62,0.52,all P<0.05).The score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was positively correlated with the scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Social Support Questionnaire(r=0.59,0.68,both P<0.05).The score of the depression scale was positively correlated with the score of the Social Support Questionnaire(r=0.65,P<0.05).Conclusion Job burnout and job stress are positively correlated with depression and related to perimenopausal women's marital status,social support,occupation,and education level.