全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量

Global distribution and number of overwintering black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis)

黑颈鹤(Grusnigricollis)是我国国家一级重点保护野生动物,被IUCN列为近危(NT)物种。黑颈鹤越冬种群主要分布在中国云南省东北部和西北部、贵州省西北部以及西藏自治区中南部,还有少部分分布于不丹。对黑颈鹤这一高原鹤类的越冬分布与数量展开调查,有助于了解该物种的种群数量变化趋势。为掌握全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量现状,我们于2022年1月至3月初在中国新疆、西藏、云南、贵州以及不丹,基于历史分布位点与当地居民观测记录,采用直接计数法对黑颈鹤越冬分布及种群数量开展调查。结果表明:(1)青藏高原黑颈鹤越冬种群数量为11,812–11,895只,云贵高原为5,577–5,715只,综上目前全球黑颈鹤总数约为17,389–17,610只,较2020年中国同步调查数据与不丹调查数据的总和增加了11.81%–13.23%;(2)新疆且末县吐拉牧场为新发现的黑颈鹤越冬地,这一发现将黑颈鹤越冬地的北限从30°N拓展至37°N。基于本次调查及以往文献,我们建议将黑颈鹤西藏越冬种群划分为日喀则越冬种群、拉萨–山南越冬种群和林芝越冬种群。

Aims:Due to low densities and secretive breeding behavior on mating grounds,bird surveys in winter are important for assessing population trends.The black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis)was downgraded from Vulnerable(VU)to the Near Threatened(NT)conservation status in 2020,yet the latest version of its population survey was in 2014,which may vary from the current population size.This study aims to investigate the black-necked crane’s population size and overwintering sites to provide important information for conservation.Methods:Using the direct count method we surveyed the overwintering black-necked crane’s population size and location from January to March 2022 in Bhutan as well as in 4 provinces of China,namely Xinjiang,Tibet,Yunnan,and Guizhou.In roost sites,we used drone imagery to count densely distributed populations.The location of observation sites and the survey routes were recorded by 2bulu(v7.1.9-1217).Both the distribution map of the overwintering black-necked crane and the roadmap of the survey were drawn in QGIS(v3.22.2).Results:A total of 17,389–17,610 black-necked cranes were recorded in this survey,including 11,812–11,895 individuals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 5,577–5,715 in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.A new overwintering site was found in Xinjiang.Conclusion:This study provides the latest record of the black-necked crane’s population and overwinter distribution.We also put forward suggestions on dividing overwintering populations in Tibet into the Xigazêoverwintering population,the Lhasa-Lhoka overwintering population,and the Nyingchi overwintering population.The results may provide basic data for further conservation and ecological research on the black-necked crane.