马铃薯细菌性病害化学农药减施技术研究与应用

Chemical pesticide application reduction techniques for potato bacterial diseases

近年来,由于马铃薯品种不断更新,以及跨区域远距离调运种薯等因素,马铃薯细菌性病害在各产区均有不同程度发生,且发病程度呈逐年加重趋势。笔者根据内蒙古马铃薯主产区细菌性病害发病种类及特点,开展了以选用抗(耐)病品种、种薯处理以及生物药剂防治为主,化学药剂防治为辅的化学农药减施技术集成与应用研究。结果表明,该技术的应用对生产上发生的马铃薯细菌性病害有不同的防治效果,其中对黑胫病平均防效为73.70%~87.71%,对细菌性茎腐病平均防效为82.00%~83.92%,对疮痂病平均防效为60.61%~65.12%;并且有不同的增产效果,增产率为5.27%~22.40%;与常规防治技术相比,不同程度减少了化学农药的使用量,每667 m2减少50~120 g,减幅为23.8%~42.9%。

In recent years,due to the continuous renewal of potato cultivars and the long-distance transportation of seed potatoes across regions,potato bacterial diseases have occurred to varying degrees in various producing areas,and the incidence has been increasing year by year.According to the types and characteristics of bacterial diseases in the main potato-producing areas of Inner Mongolia,we carried out the integrated application research of the comprehensive prevention and control technology using agronomic measures and biological measures combined with the appropriate use of chemical pesticides.The results showed that the comprehensive prevention and control technology had different control effects on potato bacterial diseases in production.The average control effect on the black shank disease was 73.7%~87.71%,the average control effect on bacterial stem rot was 82.0%~83.92%,and 60.61%~65.12%on scab disease,and the yield increasing rate was 5.27%~22.4%.Compared with conventional control technology,the use of chemical pesticides was reduced by 50~120 g,with a decrease of 23.8%to 42.9%。