鄱阳湖都昌段3处候鸟栖息地表层土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险研究

Pollutions of Heavy Metal Elements in the Surface Soils of Three Migratory Bird Habitats in Duchang Section of Poyang Lake and Their Potential Ecological Risks

为了掌握鄱阳湖区候鸟栖息地土壤的重金属污染状况,在鄱阳湖都昌段3处候鸟栖息地中,设置了采样地,采集表层(0~10 cm)土壤样品,测定土壤样品中的镉、铬、锌、铜、镍和铅元素含量,利用土壤重金属综合污染负荷指数和土壤重金属污染综合潜在生态风险指数,评价3处候鸟栖息地表层土壤的重金属污染程度及其带来的生态风险。研究结果表明,马影湖湿地候鸟保护站候鸟栖息地8个采样点表层土壤中铬、镍、铜、锌、铅和镉质量比分别为54.03~113.14 mg/kg、5.75~12.39 mg/kg、4.01~12.22 mg/kg、14.75~40.82 mg/kg、20.88~26.32 mg/kg和0.05~0.11 mg/kg;黄金咀湖心洲滩候鸟栖息地8个采样点表层土壤中铬、镍、铜、锌、铅和镉质量比分别为53.60~61.80 mg/kg、16.20~22.72 mg/kg、16.55~34.99 mg/kg、67.89~105.20 mg/kg、34.42~44.17 mg/kg和0.13~0.63 mg/kg;界石刘家湖岸候鸟栖息地10个采样点表层土壤中铬、镍、铜、锌、铅和镉质量比分别为65.02~75.65 mg/kg、22.44~32.54 mg/kg、20.12~55.88 mg/kg、73.82~168.53 mg/kg、28.27~47.39 mg/kg和0.27~1.35 mg/kg;马影湖湿地候鸟保护站的候鸟栖息地大部分采样点表层土壤未被锌、镉和镍元素污染,而被铬元素中度或重度污染;黄金咀湖心洲滩候鸟栖息地大部分采样点表层土壤未被镉元素污染,而被铜和铅元素重度污染;界石刘家湖岸候鸟栖息地5个采样点表层土壤未被镉元素污染,多个采样点表层土壤被铜和铅元素重度污染;马影湖湿地候鸟保护站的候鸟栖息地所有采样点表层土壤重金属污染综合潜在生态风险为低风险,黄金咀湖心洲滩候鸟栖息地部分采样点表层土壤重金属污染综合潜在生态风险为中等风险,界石刘家湖岸候鸟栖息地4个采样点表层土壤重金属污染综合潜在生态风险为高风险,5个采样点表层土壤重金属污染综合潜在生态风险为中等风险。

In order to understand the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soils of migratory bird habitats in Duchang section of Poyang Lake,the soils of three migratory bird habitats in the Duchang section of Poyang Lake were selected as the research objects.The samples of the soils at 0-10 cm depth were collected,and the contents of cadmium,chromium,zinc,copper,nickel and lead elements were measured by ICP-MS instrument.The surface soil pollution degrees and their potential ecological risks were assessed by pollution load index and potential ecological risk index,respectively.The results showed that the contents of chromium,nickel,copper,zinc,lead and cadmium elements in the surface soils of Mayinghu migratory bird habitat were 54.03-113.14 mg/kg,5.75-12.39 mg/kg,4.01-12.22 mg/kg,14.75-40.82 mg/kg,20.88-26.32 mg/kg and 0.05-0.11 mg/kg,respectively.Their contents in the surface soil of Huangjinzui migratory bird habitat were 53.60-61.80 mg/kg,16.20-22.72 mg/kg,16.55-34.99 mg/kg,67.89-105.20 mg/kg,34.42-44.17 mg/kg and 0.13-0.63 mg/kg,respectively.Their contents in the surface soil of Jieshiliujia migratory bird habitat were 65.02-75.65 mg/kg,22.44-32.54 mg/kg,20.12-55.88 mg/kg,73.82-168.53 mg/kg,28.27-47.39 mg/kg and 0.27-1.35 mg/kg,respectively.The surface soils in the most sampling sites in Mayinghu migratory bird habitat were not polluted by zinc,cadmium and nickel elements,but moderately or severely polluted by chromium elements.The surface soils in the most sampling sites in Huangjinzui migratory bird habitat were not polluted by cadmium element,but severely polluted by copper and lead elements.The surface soils in 5 sampling sites in migratory bird habitat of Jieshiliujia Lake shore were not polluted by cadmium element,but in most sampling sites,surface soils were severely polluted by copper and lead elements.The surface soils at all sampling sites in Mayinghu migratory bird habitat polluted by heavy metals had slight potential ecological risks.The surface soils at most sampling sites of Huangjinzui migratory bird habitat polluted by heavy metals had moderately potential ecological risks.The surface soils at 4 sampling sites in migratory bird habitat of Jieshiliujia Lake shore had severely potential ecological risks,which at 5 sampling sites had moderately potential ecological risks.