湿地垂向水文连通及其生态环境效应研究综述

A Review on the Vertical Hydrological Connectivity ofWetlands and Its Eco-environmental Effects

湿地垂向水文连通在维持湿地物质循环、能量流动和信息传递等方面具有重要意义。然而,受气候变化和人类活动的影响,湿地垂向水文连通过程发生显著改变,并带来一系列生态环境退化的风险。基于国内外关于湿地垂向水文连通及其生态环境效应的相关研究,将湿地垂向水文连通分为非饱和流-补给型、饱和流-补给型、饱和流-排泄型和饱和流-贯穿型4种作用模式;湿地垂向水文连通的主要影响因素包括地形地貌、水文地质条件、气候变化和人类活动等;将直接测量法与间接法相结合可以更好地开展湿地垂向水文连通的定量研究;垂向水文连通主要对湿地营养物质传输与转化、湿地植被分布与演替以及水生生物的生存与繁殖等产生重要影响。基于对当前湿地垂向水文连通研究进展与研究热点的综合分析,建议未来加强湿地多尺度垂向水文连通模式对变化环境的响应机制、湿地垂向水文-水质-水生态多要素耦合模拟模型的研发和湿地垂向水文连通-物质连通-生物连通一体化耦合3个重点方向的研究。

Vertical hydrological connectivity is of great significance in maintaining material cycle,energy flow and information transfer of wetlands.However,under the influence of climate change and human activities,the vertical hydrological connectivity of wetland changes significantly,and brings a series of risks of ecological environment degradation.There is an urgent need for research into the vertical hydrological connectivity of wetland.Based on the domestic and international studies on the vertical hydrological connectivity of wetlands and its eco-environmental effects,we summarized the vertical hydrological connectivity of wetlands into four action modes:unsaturated flow-recharge type,saturated flow-discharge type,saturated flow-discharge type and saturated flow-penetration type.The main influencing factors of wetland vertical hydrological connectivity include topography,hydrogeological conditions,climate change and human activities.The combination of direct measurement methods and indirect methods can be used to better carry out the quantitative studies of wetland vertical hydrological connectivity.In addition,vertical hydrological connectivity of wetland has important effects on nutrient transport and transformation,vegetation distribution and succession,and aquatic organisms survival and reproduction.Based on the comprehensive analysis of current research progress and hotspots of wetland vertical hydrological connectivity,three key research directions should be strengthened in the future:the response mechanisms of wetland multi-scale vertical hydrological connectivity models to changing environment,the research of hydrology-water qualitywater ecology multi-element coupling simulation models of wetland,and the coupled study on vertical hydrological connectivity,material connectivity and biological connectivity of wetland.