博文约礼:论胡直对理学与心学的调和

Bo Wen Yue Li:On Hu Zhi's Reconciliation of Neo-Confucianism and Psychology

胡直隶属江右王门,其为学三变,终悟得博文约礼之旨。博文约礼说是他在质疑程朱理学与阳明心学的基础上独立思考而来。他质疑朱学于物上穷理,将理与人分开;亦质疑阳明将博文与约礼二分,反对阳明后学流于猖狂恣肆,无天则约束之弊。他对理学和心学进行修正与调和,认为博文非博于物,只要是符合儒家道德伦理的日常应酬都可称为博文,而这些正是天则,即礼的自然流露。博文约礼乃一体两面,而非独立为二,这样既避免了博物的繁琐,也杜绝了阳明后学之流弊。

Hu Zhi was a member of the King's Gate of Jiangxi right,and his studies were changed three times,and he finally realized the purpose of Bo Wen Yi Li.He came to his independent thinking on the basis of his questioning of Cheng and Zhu's philosophy and Yangming's psychology.He also questioned Zhu's study about the separation of reason and man from the material;he also questioned Yangming's dichotomy between the Bo Wen and the Rites,and opposed Yangming's later study of rampant wantonness and lack of discipline by the rule of heaven.He also carried out the correction and reconciliation of Neo-Confucianism and psychology,and he thought broadening the intellectual horizon(Bo Wen)is not expanding the materials,and all daily entertainments in line with Confucian ethics can be called Bo Wen,which are the rules of heaven,namely the natural spontaneous revelation of rites.Bo Wen and Rites are two sides of the same coin,not two separate ones.This avoids the cumbersome nature of museums and also eliminates the shortcomings of Yangming's later studies.