脉冲激光焊接铝/钢异种金属的研究进展

Research Progress in Pulsed Laser Welding of Aluminum/Steel Dissimilar Metals

铝/钢复合结构具有强度高、耐腐蚀、质量轻等优点,是汽车制造、航空航天等行业最受关注的实现轻量化设计的方案之一。然而,铝合金与钢的物理和化学性能严重不匹配,很难通过传统熔焊技术实现连接。脉冲激光焊接技术具有热输入控制精准、加工速度快、灵活性高、能量密度高等优点,在焊接铝/钢异种金属上存在着更大的优势。从脉冲激光参数、脉冲激光复合焊接、对焊接母材进行预处理等多个角度梳理了国内外脉冲激光焊接铝/钢异种金属的研究进展,并给出了铝/钢脉冲激光焊接技术仍需开展的工作,旨在为后续相关研究提供参考。

Aluminum/steel composite structure has the advantages of high strength,corrosion resistance and light weight,and is one of the most popular lightweight design schemes in automobile manufacturing,aerospace and other industries.However,connecting aluminum alloy and steel through traditional fusion welding is difficult because the physical and chemical properties of aluminum alloy and steel are seriously mismatched.Pulse laser welding technology has the advantages of precise heat input control,fast processing speed,high flexibility,and high energy density,and has greater advantages in welding aluminum/steel dissimilar alloys.This article reviews the research progress of pulse laser welding of aluminum/steel dissimilar metals both domestically and internationally from multiple perspectives,including pulse laser parameters,pulse laser composite welding,and pretreatment of the welding base material.It also provides the work that still needs to be carried out in the pulse laser welding technology of aluminum/steel,aiming to provide reference for subsequent related research.