阿尔茨海默病发病年龄影响因素研究

A study on factors associated with age of Alzheimer's disease onset

目的探索阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病年龄分布特征及其影响因素。方法基于阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议2005-2022年的追踪数据,选取基线认知状态正常(CN)或轻度认知功能障碍(MCI),且随访期间进展成AD者为研究对象。采用单因素分析和多元线性回归探索性别、种族、ApoEε4基因携带数、家族史、受教育年限和婚姻状况等因素对AD发病年龄的影响。结果由CN或MCI进展成AD者共405名,基线年龄为(74.0±6.9)岁。AD发病年龄为(76.6±7.5)岁,男性较女性晚1.9岁。多元线性回归分析显示ApoEε4基因携带数每增加1个,AD发病年龄早0.344岁。基线认知状态为MCI者,其AD发病年龄比CN者早4.007岁。受教育年限对AD发病年龄影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论携带ApoEε4基因、基线认知状态为MCI者,AD发病年龄可能更早。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of age of Alzheimer's disease(AD)onset and influencing factors.Methods Based on the follow-up data of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative from 2005 to 2022,participants with normal cognition(CN)or mild cognitive impairment(MCI)at baseline survey,and those with progression to AD during follow-up period were selected as study subjects.Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to explore the associations of gender,race,number of ApoEε4 genes carried,family history,years of education and marital status with the age of AD onset.Results A total of 405 participants,with an average age of(74.0±6.9)years at baseline survey,progressed to AD during follow up period.The age of AD onset was(76.6±7.5)years,and age of onset in men was about 1.9 years later than women.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that for each increase in ApoEε4 gene number,the age of AD onset was about 0.344 years earlier.The age of AD onset was 4.007 years earlier for those with MCI at baseline survey compared with those with CN.Years of education were not significantly associated with the age of onset of AD(P>0.05).Conclusion Those who carry ApoEε4 gene,and have MCI at baseline survey might have earlier age of AD onset.